feat(services): traefik routing overrides via allowlisted middleware labels (#64)

services.traefik_labels (jsonb) holds operator-defined Traefik
middlewares keyed 'middlewares.<name>.<type>[.<field>]', validated
against an allowlist at write time. edgeLabels (extracted from
createReplica) scopes each definition to the service router as
<router>-<name> and auto-attaches it to the router's middleware chain
after builtins. Router/service/provider-level keys are rejected.

Surfaces: create/update API fields, services create/update
--traefik-label (repeatable, key=value), MCP arg docs, OpenAPI +
regenerated types, service-page Access editor (Routing overrides
card + textarea).

Also marks three stale ROADMAP2 items shipped: notification producers
round-out, build-on-node (PR #60), mobile env/domains/scaling (PR #61).

Generated with [Devin](https://devin.ai)

Co-authored-by: Devin <158243242+devin-ai-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

app/backend/internal/api/runtime.go

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ func serviceRuntimeSpec(db *database.DB, service Service) (deployment.RuntimeSpe
 	spec.Volumes = loadServiceVolumes(db, service.ID)
 	spec.Domains = serviceDomainNames(db, service.ID, service.Domain)
 	spec.Maintenance, spec.BasicAuthUsers = serviceAccess(db, service.ID)
+	spec.TraefikLabels = serviceTraefikLabels(db, service.ID)
 	if spec.Maintenance {
 		spec.MaintenanceURL = maintenanceURL(db)
 	}

app/backend/internal/api/services.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -58,9 +59,12 @@ type Service struct {
 	Spread bool `json:"spread" db:"-"`
 	// PlacementTags restrict auto/spread candidates to agents carrying all
 	// listed tags. An explicit pin overrides them — pin + tags is rejected.
-	PlacementTags []string  `json:"placement_tags,omitempty" db:"-"`
-	CreatedAt     time.Time `json:"created_at" db:"created_at"`
-	UpdatedAt     time.Time `json:"updated_at" db:"updated_at"`
+	PlacementTags []string `json:"placement_tags,omitempty" db:"-"`
+	// TraefikLabels holds per-service middleware overrides —
+	// "middlewares.<name>.<type>.<field>" → value. Lazy-read.
+	TraefikLabels map[string]string `json:"traefik_labels,omitempty" db:"-"`
+	CreatedAt     time.Time         `json:"created_at" db:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt     time.Time         `json:"updated_at" db:"updated_at"`
 }
 
 // loadServiceSleep fills the sleep-mode columns, which live outside the
@@ -123,6 +127,78 @@ func normalizePlacementTags(tags []string) []string {
 	return out
 }
 
+// traefikLabelKey matches "middlewares.<name>.<type>" with an optional
+// ".<subkey>" tail — e.g. "middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average".
+var traefikLabelKey = regexp.MustCompile(`^middlewares\.([A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,39})\.([A-Za-z]+)(\.[A-Za-z0-9_.*+-]+)?$`)
+
+// traefikMiddlewareTypes are the Traefik middleware kinds a service may
+// define. Router/service/provider-level keys are never accepted — those
+// would let a tenant hijack someone else's routing.
+var traefikMiddlewareTypes = map[string]bool{
+	"addprefix": true, "basicauth": true, "buffering": true, "chain": true,
+	"circuitbreaker": true, "compress": true, "digestauth": true,
+	"errors": true, "forwardauth": true, "grpcweb": true, "headers": true,
+	"inflightreq": true, "ipallowlist": true, "ipwhitelist": true,
+	"passtlsclientcert": true, "ratelimit": true, "redirectregex": true,
+	"redirectscheme": true, "replacepath": true, "replacepathregex": true,
+	"retry": true, "stripprefix": true, "stripprefixregex": true,
+}
+
+// normalizeTraefikLabels validates a raw override map. Returns the cleaned
+// map (middleware type lowercased — Traefik label keys are canonical-lower)
+// or an error naming the offending key.
+func normalizeTraefikLabels(raw map[string]string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	if len(raw) > 32 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("traefik_labels: at most 32 entries (got %d)", len(raw))
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(raw))
+	names := map[string]bool{}
+	for k, v := range raw {
+		m := traefikLabelKey.FindStringSubmatch(k)
+		if m == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("traefik_labels: invalid key %q — want middlewares.<name>.<type>[.<field>]", k)
+		}
+		mwType := strings.ToLower(m[2])
+		if !traefikMiddlewareTypes[mwType] {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("traefik_labels: unsupported middleware type %q", m[2])
+		}
+		if len(v) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("traefik_labels: %q has an empty value", k)
+		}
+		if len(v) > 512 || strings.ContainsAny(v, "\r\n") {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("traefik_labels: %q value must be a single line under 512 chars", k)
+		}
+		out["middlewares."+m[1]+"."+mwType+m[3]] = v
+		names[m[1]] = true
+	}
+	if len(names) > 16 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("traefik_labels: at most 16 middleware names")
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// serviceTraefikLabels lazy-reads the traefik_labels column.
+func serviceTraefikLabels(db *database.DB, serviceID uuid.UUID) map[string]string {
+	var raw []byte
+	if err := db.QueryRow(`SELECT traefik_labels FROM services WHERE id = $1`, serviceID).Scan(&raw); err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var labels map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &labels); err != nil || len(labels) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return labels
+}
+
+// traefikLabelsJSON marshals an override map for the jsonb column.
+func traefikLabelsJSON(labels map[string]string) []byte {
+	if len(labels) == 0 {
+		return []byte("{}")
+	}
+	raw, _ := json.Marshal(labels)
+	return raw
+}
+
 // tagsJSON marshals a tag list for a jsonb column; empty stays an array, not null.
 func tagsJSON(tags []string) []byte {
 	if len(tags) == 0 {
@@ -139,6 +215,7 @@ func loadServiceNode(db *database.DB, s *Service) {
 	s.NodeID = serviceNodeID(db, s.ID)
 	s.Spread = serviceSpread(db, s.ID)
 	s.PlacementTags = servicePlacementTags(db, s.ID)
+	s.TraefikLabels = serviceTraefikLabels(db, s.ID)
 	if s.NodeID == "" {
 		return
 	}
@@ -237,6 +314,10 @@ type CreateServiceRequest struct {
 	// PlacementTags restrict auto/spread candidates to agents carrying all
 	// listed tags. Mutually exclusive with an explicit node pin.
 	PlacementTags []string `json:"placement_tags"`
+	// TraefikLabels defines extra Traefik middlewares for this service's
+	// router — keys "middlewares.<name>.<type>[.<field>]", validated against
+	// an allowlist. Defined middlewares attach to the router automatically.
+	TraefikLabels map[string]string `json:"traefik_labels"`
 }
 
 // UpdateServiceRequest represents a request to update a service
@@ -275,6 +356,9 @@ type UpdateServiceRequest struct {
 	// listed tags; pointer so [] clears the requirement. Mutually exclusive
 	// with an explicit node pin.
 	PlacementTags *[]string `json:"placement_tags"`
+	// TraefikLabels replaces the service's middleware overrides; pointer so
+	// {} clears them and nil leaves them untouched.
+	TraefikLabels *map[string]string `json:"traefik_labels"`
 }
 
 // handleGetServices retrieves all services for a project
@@ -478,6 +562,14 @@ func handleCreateService(c *gin.Context) {
 	if service.Builder == "static" && service.StaticDir == "" {
 		service.StaticDir = "dist"
 	}
+	if len(req.TraefikLabels) > 0 {
+		labels, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(req.TraefikLabels)
+		if err != nil {
+			respondError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "VALIDATION", err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		service.TraefikLabels = labels
+	}
 	for label, check := range map[string]func(string) error{
 		"cpu": validateCPUSpec, "cpu_reserve": validateCPUSpec,
 		"memory": validateMemorySpec, "memory_reserve": validateMemorySpec,
@@ -557,9 +649,9 @@ func handleCreateService(c *gin.Context) {
 				 healthcheck_path, restart_policy, volumes,
 				 builder, cpu_reserve, memory_reserve, static_build_cmd, static_dir,
 				 node_id, spread, placement_tags, sleep_enabled, sleep_idle_minutes,
-			 created_at, updated_at)
+				 traefik_labels, created_at, updated_at)
 			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14, $15, $16, $17, $18, $19, $20, $21, $22, $23, $24, $25, $26,
-					$27, $28, $29, $30, $31, $32, $33, $34, $35, $36, $37, $38)`,
+					$27, $28, $29, $30, $31, $32, $33, $34, $35, $36, $37, $38, $39)`,
 		service.ID, service.ProjectID, service.Name, environmentID, service.Type,
 		sourceType, firstNonEmpty(service.GitRepo, service.Image), service.Image,
 		"", service.Command, service.Type, service.Status, service.Image, service.Command,
@@ -572,6 +664,7 @@ func handleCreateService(c *gin.Context) {
 		tagsJSON(service.PlacementTags),
 		service.SleepEnabled,
 		sql.NullInt32{Int32: int32(service.SleepIdleMinutes), Valid: service.SleepIdleMinutes > 0},
+		traefikLabelsJSON(service.TraefikLabels),
 		service.CreatedAt, service.UpdatedAt,
 	)
 
@@ -848,6 +941,16 @@ func handleUpdateService(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 		existingService.SleepIdleMinutes = *req.SleepIdleMinutes
 	}
+	if req.TraefikLabels != nil {
+		labels, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(*req.TraefikLabels)
+		if err != nil {
+			respondError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "VALIDATION", err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		existingService.TraefikLabels = labels
+	} else {
+		existingService.TraefikLabels = serviceTraefikLabels(db.(*database.DB), serviceID)
+	}
 	for label, check := range map[string]func(string) error{
 		"cpu": validateCPUSpec, "cpu_reserve": validateCPUSpec,
 		"memory": validateMemorySpec, "memory_reserve": validateMemorySpec,
@@ -924,7 +1027,7 @@ func handleUpdateService(c *gin.Context) {
 				builder = $19, cpu_reserve = $20, memory_reserve = $21,
 				static_build_cmd = $22, static_dir = $23,
 				sleep_enabled = $24, sleep_idle_minutes = $25, node_id = $26, spread = $27,
-				placement_tags = $28::jsonb
+				placement_tags = $28::jsonb, traefik_labels = $29::jsonb
 			WHERE id = $18`,
 		existingService.Name, existingService.Type, existingService.Image, existingService.Command,
 		existingService.Environment, existingService.GitRepo, existingService.GitBranch,
@@ -938,6 +1041,7 @@ func handleUpdateService(c *gin.Context) {
 		sql.NullString{String: existingService.NodeID, Valid: existingService.NodeID != ""},
 		existingService.Spread,
 		tagsJSON(existingService.PlacementTags),
+		traefikLabelsJSON(existingService.TraefikLabels),
 	)
 
 	if err != nil {

app/backend/internal/api/services_routing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeTraefikLabels(t *testing.T) {
+	valid := map[string]string{
+		"middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average":                             "100",
+		"middlewares.rl.ratelimit.period":                              "1m",
+		"middlewares.sec.headers.customrequestheaders.X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
+		"middlewares.gzip.compress":                                    "true",
+	}
+	out, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(valid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("valid labels rejected: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(out) != len(valid) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %d labels, got %d", len(valid), len(out))
+	}
+	if out["middlewares.gzip.compress"] != "true" {
+		t.Fatalf("flag-style middleware missing: %v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeTraefikLabelsLowercasesType(t *testing.T) {
+	out, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(map[string]string{
+		"middlewares.rl.RateLimit.average": "10",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mixed-case type rejected: %v", err)
+	}
+	if out["middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average"] != "10" {
+		t.Fatalf("type not lowercased: %v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeTraefikLabelsRejects(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"traefik.enable":                                 "true", // provider-level
+		"middlewares..ratelimit.average":                 "1",    // empty name
+		"middlewares.x.evilinject.thing":                 "1",    // unknown type
+		"routers.svc.rule":                               "x",    // router hijack
+		"middlewares.x.ratelimit.average.bad\ninjection": "1",    // control char in key fails regex
+	}
+	for k, v := range cases {
+		if _, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(map[string]string{k: v}); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("key %q should have been rejected", k)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeTraefikLabelsRejectsBadValues(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(map[string]string{"middlewares.a.ratelimit.average": ""}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("empty value accepted")
+	}
+	if _, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(map[string]string{"middlewares.a.ratelimit.average": strings.Repeat("x", 600)}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("oversized value accepted")
+	}
+	if _, err := normalizeTraefikLabels(map[string]string{"middlewares.a.ratelimit.average": "1\nmalicious"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("newline value accepted")
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/cli/commands/services.go

@@ -134,6 +134,11 @@ var servicesCreateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 			body["placement_tags"] = tags
 		}
+		if labels, err := traefikLabelFlag(cmd); err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else if labels != nil {
+			body["traefik_labels"] = labels
+		}
 		data, err := c.Do("POST", "/projects/"+args[0]+"/services", body)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -148,6 +153,28 @@ var servicesCreateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	},
 }
 
+// traefikLabelFlag parses --traefik-label key=value pairs into the API's
+// map shape. Returns nil when the flag was never passed; an empty map when
+// only empty values were given (clears overrides on update).
+func traefikLabelFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (map[string]string, error) {
+	if !cmd.Flags().Changed("traefik-label") {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	pairs, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringArray("traefik-label")
+	labels := map[string]string{}
+	for _, p := range pairs {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(p) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(p, "=")
+		if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(k) == "" {
+			return nil, &APIError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("invalid --traefik-label %q — want key=value", p), ExitCode: ExitError}
+		}
+		labels[strings.TrimSpace(k)] = v
+	}
+	return labels, nil
+}
+
 var servicesDeleteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "delete <id>",
 	Short: "Delete a service",
@@ -241,6 +268,11 @@ var servicesUpdateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			v, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("sleep-idle")
 			body["sleep_idle_minutes"] = v
 		}
+		if labels, err := traefikLabelFlag(cmd); err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else if labels != nil {
+			body["traefik_labels"] = labels
+		}
 		if cmd.Flags().Changed("maintenance") {
 			v, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("maintenance")
 			body["maintenance_mode"] = v == "on" || v == "true"
@@ -533,6 +565,7 @@ func init() {
 	f.Bool("sleep", false, "enable scale-to-zero on idle (sleep mode)")
 	f.Int("sleep-idle", 0, "idle minutes before sleeping (1-1440)")
 	f.String("placement-tags", "", "comma-separated node tags required for remote placement (auto/spread only)")
+	f.StringArray("traefik-label", nil, "Traefik middleware override, key=value (e.g. middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average=100); repeatable")
 
 	uf := servicesUpdateCmd.Flags()
 	uf.String("name", "", "service name")
@@ -557,6 +590,7 @@ func init() {
 	uf.String("static-dir", "", "output dir for the static builder (empty clears)")
 	uf.Bool("sleep", false, "enable scale-to-zero on idle (sleep mode)")
 	uf.Int("sleep-idle", 0, "idle minutes before sleeping (1-1440)")
+	uf.StringArray("traefik-label", nil, "Traefik middleware override, key=value; repeatable; empty list clears via --traefik-label ''")
 	uf.String("node", "", "pin to a node agent id, 'auto' for least-loaded, 'local' to clear")
 	uf.Bool("spread", false, "spread replicas across all online schedulable nodes (--spread=false to disable)")
 	uf.String("placement-tags", "", "comma-separated node tags required for remote placement (empty clears)")

app/backend/internal/deployment/edge_labels_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package deployment
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestEdgeLabelsCustomMiddlewares(t *testing.T) {
+	spec := RuntimeSpec{
+		ServiceID: "01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef",
+		Port:      8080,
+		Domains:   []string{"app.example.com"},
+		TraefikLabels: map[string]string{
+			"middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average":                              "100",
+			"middlewares.rl.ratelimit.period":                               "1m",
+			"middlewares.sec.headers.customresponseheaders.X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
+		},
+	}
+	labels := edgeLabels(spec, "containr-edge")
+
+	if got := labels["traefik.http.middlewares.svc-01234567-rl.ratelimit.average"]; got != "100" {
+		t.Fatalf("ratelimit label missing: %v", labels)
+	}
+	if got := labels["traefik.http.middlewares.svc-01234567-sec.headers.customresponseheaders.X-Frame-Options"]; got != "DENY" {
+		t.Fatalf("headers label missing: %v", labels)
+	}
+	chain := labels["traefik.http.routers.svc-01234567.middlewares"]
+	if chain != "svc-01234567-rl,svc-01234567-sec" {
+		t.Fatalf("middleware chain wrong: %q", chain)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEdgeLabelsCustomAfterBuiltins(t *testing.T) {
+	spec := RuntimeSpec{
+		ServiceID:      "01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef",
+		Port:           8080,
+		Domains:        []string{"app.example.com"},
+		BasicAuthUsers: "u:$apr1$x",
+		TraefikLabels: map[string]string{
+			"middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average": "10",
+		},
+	}
+	labels := edgeLabels(spec, "containr-edge")
+	chain := labels["traefik.http.routers.svc-01234567.middlewares"]
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(chain, "svc-01234567-auth,") || !strings.HasSuffix(chain, "svc-01234567-rl") {
+		t.Fatalf("builtin should precede custom: %q", chain)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEdgeLabelsNoCustom(t *testing.T) {
+	spec := RuntimeSpec{
+		ServiceID: "01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef",
+		Port:      8080,
+		Domains:   []string{"app.example.com"},
+	}
+	labels := edgeLabels(spec, "containr-edge")
+	if _, ok := labels["traefik.http.routers.svc-01234567.middlewares"]; ok {
+		t.Fatal("middleware chain should be absent with no middlewares")
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/deployment/runtime.go

@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ type RuntimeSpec struct {
 	Maintenance    bool          // redirect traffic to MaintenanceURL
 	MaintenanceURL string        // absolute URL; empty = serve empty response
 	BasicAuthUsers string        // htpasswd-format user:hash pairs, comma-separated
+	// TraefikLabels defines extra middlewares for this service's router —
+	// keys "middlewares.<name>.<type>[.<field>]" (API-validated against an
+	// allowlist). Defined middlewares attach to the router after builtins.
+	TraefikLabels map[string]string
 	// NodeID pins the service to a node agent; "" runs on the local host.
 	NodeID string
 	// Spread distributes replicas across all online, schedulable agents
@@ -274,44 +278,9 @@ func (de *DeploymentEngine) createReplica(ctx context.Context, spec RuntimeSpec,
 		projectNet: {Aliases: []string{spec.Name}},
 	}
 	if edgeNet != "" {
-		router := "svc-" + spec.ServiceID[:8]
-		domains := spec.Domains
-		if len(domains) == 0 && spec.Domain != "" {
-			domains = []string{spec.Domain}
-		}
-		sort.Strings(domains)
-		rules := make([]string, 0, len(domains))
-		for _, d := range domains {
-			rules = append(rules, "Host(`"+d+"`)")
-		}
 		endpoints[edgeNet] = &network.EndpointSettings{}
-		labels["traefik.enable"] = "true"
-		labels["traefik.docker.network"] = edgeNet
-		labels["traefik.http.routers."+router+".rule"] = strings.Join(rules, " || ")
-		labels["traefik.http.routers."+router+".entrypoints"] = "web"
-		labels["traefik.http.services."+router+".loadbalancer.server.port"] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", spec.Port)
-
-		var middlewares []string
-		if spec.Maintenance {
-			if spec.MaintenanceURL != "" {
-				mw := router + "-maint"
-				labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".redirectregex.regex"] = "^https?://[^/]+/.*"
-				labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".redirectregex.replacement"] = spec.MaintenanceURL
-				labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".redirectregex.permanent"] = "false"
-				middlewares = append(middlewares, mw)
-			} else {
-				// No redirect target configured — take the site offline with
-				// empty responses instead of leaking traffic to the app.
-				labels["traefik.http.routers."+router+".service"] = "noop@internal"
-			}
-		}
-		if spec.BasicAuthUsers != "" {
-			mw := router + "-auth"
-			labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".basicauth.users"] = spec.BasicAuthUsers
-			middlewares = append(middlewares, mw)
-		}
-		if len(middlewares) > 0 {
-			labels["traefik.http.routers."+router+".middlewares"] = strings.Join(middlewares, ",")
+		for k, v := range edgeLabels(spec, edgeNet) {
+			labels[k] = v
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -399,6 +368,81 @@ func (de *DeploymentEngine) createReplica(ctx context.Context, spec RuntimeSpec,
 // vpnkit drops a conflicting binding).
 var errPortNotBound = errors.New("requested host port not bound")
 
+// edgeLabels builds the Traefik router/service/middleware labels for a
+// replica on the edge network: host rules, load balancer port, builtin
+// maintenance/basic-auth middlewares, then operator-defined overrides.
+func edgeLabels(spec RuntimeSpec, edgeNet string) map[string]string {
+	router := "svc-" + spec.ServiceID[:8]
+	domains := spec.Domains
+	if len(domains) == 0 && spec.Domain != "" {
+		domains = []string{spec.Domain}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(domains)
+	rules := make([]string, 0, len(domains))
+	for _, d := range domains {
+		rules = append(rules, "Host(`"+d+"`)")
+	}
+
+	labels := map[string]string{
+		"traefik.enable":                                                "true",
+		"traefik.docker.network":                                        edgeNet,
+		"traefik.http.routers." + router + ".rule":                      strings.Join(rules, " || "),
+		"traefik.http.routers." + router + ".entrypoints":               "web",
+		"traefik.http.services." + router + ".loadbalancer.server.port": fmt.Sprintf("%d", spec.Port),
+	}
+
+	var middlewares []string
+	if spec.Maintenance {
+		if spec.MaintenanceURL != "" {
+			mw := router + "-maint"
+			labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".redirectregex.regex"] = "^https?://[^/]+/.*"
+			labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".redirectregex.replacement"] = spec.MaintenanceURL
+			labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".redirectregex.permanent"] = "false"
+			middlewares = append(middlewares, mw)
+		} else {
+			// No redirect target configured — take the site offline with
+			// empty responses instead of leaking traffic to the app.
+			labels["traefik.http.routers."+router+".service"] = "noop@internal"
+		}
+	}
+	if spec.BasicAuthUsers != "" {
+		mw := router + "-auth"
+		labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+".basicauth.users"] = spec.BasicAuthUsers
+		middlewares = append(middlewares, mw)
+	}
+	// Operator-defined middlewares: "middlewares.<name>.<rest>" becomes
+	// "<router>-<name>.<rest>", and every defined name joins the router's
+	// chain after builtins. Names sort for a deterministic chain order.
+	customMWs := map[string][]string{}
+	for k, v := range spec.TraefikLabels {
+		rest := strings.TrimPrefix(k, "middlewares.")
+		dot := strings.Index(rest, ".")
+		if dot <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		customMWs[rest[:dot]] = append(customMWs[rest[:dot]], rest[dot+1:]+"="+v)
+	}
+	mwNames := make([]string, 0, len(customMWs))
+	for name := range customMWs {
+		mwNames = append(mwNames, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(mwNames)
+	for _, name := range mwNames {
+		mw := router + "-" + name
+		sort.Strings(customMWs[name])
+		for _, kv := range customMWs[name] {
+			if i := strings.Index(kv, "="); i > 0 {
+				labels["traefik.http.middlewares."+mw+"."+kv[:i]] = kv[i+1:]
+			}
+		}
+		middlewares = append(middlewares, mw)
+	}
+	if len(middlewares) > 0 {
+		labels["traefik.http.routers."+router+".middlewares"] = strings.Join(middlewares, ",")
+	}
+	return labels
+}
+
 // isPortConflict reports whether a container create failed because the
 // requested host port was already bound.
 func isPortConflict(err error) bool {

app/backend/internal/mcpserver/server.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func init() {
 	// Services
 	register(spec{"containr_services_list", "List services in a project", "GET", "/projects/{project_id}/services", []string{"project_id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_services_get", "Get a service by id", "GET", "/services/{id}", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
-	register(spec{"containr_services_create", "Create a service in a project. Args: name (required), type, image, git_repo, git_branch, environment, port, domain, replicas, volumes = [{type: volume|bind, source, target, read_only}], builder = auto|railpack|nixpacks|dockerfile|static, cpu, memory, cpu_reserve, memory_reserve, static_build_cmd, static_dir, sleep_enabled (bool — scale to zero on idle), sleep_idle_minutes (1-1440, default 15), node_id (agent id | 'auto' = least-loaded online node; git services build on the node itself), spread (bool — distribute replicas across every online schedulable node; mutually exclusive with a node pin), placement_tags (string array — remote placement only onto nodes carrying every tag; re-resolved per reconcile, pin overrides).", "POST", "/projects/{project_id}/services", []string{"project_id"}, nil, false})
+	register(spec{"containr_services_create", "Create a service in a project. Args: name (required), type, image, git_repo, git_branch, environment, port, domain, replicas, volumes = [{type: volume|bind, source, target, read_only}], builder = auto|railpack|nixpacks|dockerfile|static, cpu, memory, cpu_reserve, memory_reserve, static_build_cmd, static_dir, sleep_enabled (bool — scale to zero on idle), sleep_idle_minutes (1-1440, default 15), node_id (agent id | 'auto' = least-loaded online node; git services build on the node itself), spread (bool — distribute replicas across every online schedulable node; mutually exclusive with a node pin), placement_tags (string array — remote placement only onto nodes carrying every tag; re-resolved per reconcile, pin overrides), traefik_labels (object — extra Traefik middlewares for this service's router; keys 'middlewares.<name>.<type>[.<field>]', allowlist-validated; defined middlewares attach to the router automatically).", "POST", "/projects/{project_id}/services", []string{"project_id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_services_delete", "Delete a service. Requires confirm:true.", "DELETE", "/services/{id}", []string{"id"}, nil, true})
 	register(spec{"containr_services_start", "Start a service", "POST", "/services/{id}/start", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_services_stop", "Stop a service", "POST", "/services/{id}/stop", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func init() {
 	register(spec{"containr_services_move", "Move a service to another project the caller owns. Args: id, project_id (required).", "POST", "/services/{id}/move", []string{"id"}, []string{"project_id"}, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_services_logs", "Get service runtime logs. Args: id, tail (default 100).", "GET", "/services/{id}/logs", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_services_exec", "Run a one-off command in the service container (30s ceiling). Args: id, command (required).", "POST", "/services/{id}/exec", []string{"id"}, []string{"command"}, false})
-	register(spec{"containr_services_update", "Update a service. Args: id, name, image, command, domain, restart_policy, healthcheck_path, cpu, memory, replicas, port, volumes = [{type: volume|bind, source, target, read_only}] — volumes replaces the whole mount list; pass [] to clear. maintenance_mode (bool), basic_auth = [{username, password}] — replaces all creds; [] clears. builder = auto|railpack|nixpacks|dockerfile|static, cpu_reserve, memory_reserve, static_build_cmd, static_dir (empty string clears reserves/static fields). sleep_enabled (bool) + sleep_idle_minutes (1-1440) enable scale-to-zero on idle; a wake placeholder answers traffic while the service resumes. node_id pins placement to a node agent ('auto' = least-loaded, 'local' = run on the Containr host). spread (bool) distributes replicas across every online schedulable node; mutually exclusive with a pin — clear node_id to 'local' first if pinned. placement_tags (string array; [] clears) restricts auto/spread placement to nodes carrying every tag; mutually exclusive with an explicit pin — clear the pin first.", "PUT", "/services/{id}", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
+	register(spec{"containr_services_update", "Update a service. Args: id, name, image, command, domain, restart_policy, healthcheck_path, cpu, memory, replicas, port, volumes = [{type: volume|bind, source, target, read_only}] — volumes replaces the whole mount list; pass [] to clear. maintenance_mode (bool), basic_auth = [{username, password}] — replaces all creds; [] clears. builder = auto|railpack|nixpacks|dockerfile|static, cpu_reserve, memory_reserve, static_build_cmd, static_dir (empty string clears reserves/static fields). sleep_enabled (bool) + sleep_idle_minutes (1-1440) enable scale-to-zero on idle; a wake placeholder answers traffic while the service resumes. node_id pins placement to a node agent ('auto' = least-loaded, 'local' = run on the Containr host). spread (bool) distributes replicas across every online schedulable node; mutually exclusive with a pin — clear node_id to 'local' first if pinned. placement_tags (string array; [] clears) restricts auto/spread placement to nodes carrying every tag; mutually exclusive with an explicit pin — clear the pin first. traefik_labels (object; {} clears) replaces the service's Traefik middleware overrides — keys 'middlewares.<name>.<type>[.<field>]', e.g. {'middlewares.rl.ratelimit.average': '100'}.", "PUT", "/services/{id}", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
 
 	// Domains
 	register(spec{"containr_domains_list", "List domains attached to a service", "GET", "/services/{id}/domains", []string{"id"}, nil, false})

app/backend/migrations_goose/20261113000000_service_traefik_labels.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- +goose Up
+-- Routing overrides: per-service Traefik middleware definitions stored as
+-- { "middlewares.<name>.<type>.<field>": "value" }. Validated against an
+-- allowlist; applied to the service's router and auto-attached to its
+-- middleware chain at reconcile time.
+ALTER TABLE services ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS traefik_labels jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}';
+
+-- +goose Down
+ALTER TABLE services DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS traefik_labels;

app/backend/sqlc/schema.sql

@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ CREATE TABLE services (
     static_dir VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
     node_id VARCHAR(255),
     spread BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
-    placement_tags JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'
+    placement_tags JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]',
+    traefik_labels JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE registries (