refactor(db): port sleep/wake sweeper to sqlc

Tranche 7 — all 11 raw sites in sleeper.go. Adds sleep_enabled and
sleep_idle_minutes to schema.sql and three runtime.sql queries:
ListSleepCandidates, GetServiceDomainText, GetServiceStatusText. Status
writes reuse SetServiceStatus; the wake loader reuses
GetServiceRuntimeWithOwner (the projects join is FK-safe).

Also drops a dead port read in handleServiceSleep that was loaded but
never used.

TestRuntimeLiveInvariants now covers the sweep filter and both text
lookups on live Postgres.

Generated with [Devin](https://devin.ai)

Co-Authored-By: Devin <158243242+devin-ai-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

app/backend/internal/api/cron.go

@@ -65,13 +65,47 @@ type UpdateCronJobRequest struct {
 	Retention int    `json:"retention"`
 }
 
+// cronJobFrom maps the sqlc row onto the string-ID API model.
+func cronJobFrom(j sqlcdb.CronJob) CronJob {
+	return CronJob{
+		ID:         j.ID.String(),
+		ProjectID:  j.ProjectID.String(),
+		ServiceID:  j.ServiceID.String(),
+		Name:       j.Name,
+		Schedule:   j.Schedule,
+		Command:    j.Command,
+		Timezone:   j.Timezone.String,
+		Enabled:    j.Enabled.Bool,
+		LastRunAt:  timePtrNT(j.LastRunAt),
+		NextRunAt:  timePtrNT(j.NextRunAt),
+		LastStatus: j.LastStatus.String,
+		LastOutput: j.LastOutput.String,
+		Retention:  int(j.Retention.Int32),
+		CreatedAt:  j.CreatedAt.Time,
+		UpdatedAt:  j.UpdatedAt.Time,
+	}
+}
+
+// cronExecutionFrom maps the sqlc row onto the string-ID API model.
+func cronExecutionFrom(e sqlcdb.CronExecution) CronExecution {
+	return CronExecution{
+		ID:         e.ID.String(),
+		CronJobID:  e.CronJobID.String(),
+		StartedAt:  e.StartedAt,
+		FinishedAt: timePtrNT(e.FinishedAt),
+		Status:     e.Status.String,
+		Output:     e.Output.String,
+		Error:      e.Error.String,
+	}
+}
+
 // cronJobProjectID resolves the project a cron job belongs to.
 func cronJobProjectID(db *database.DB, jobID string) (uuid.UUID, bool) {
-	var projectID uuid.UUID
+	id, err := uuid.Parse(jobID)
-	err := db.QueryRow(
+	if err != nil {
-		`SELECT cj.project_id FROM cron_jobs cj WHERE cj.id = $1`,
+		return uuid.Nil, false
-		jobID,
+	}
-	).Scan(&projectID)
+	projectID, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetCronJobProjectID(context.Background(), id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return uuid.Nil, false
 	}
@@ -137,15 +171,14 @@ func handleCreateCronJob(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var ownerCheck string
+	svcID, err := uuid.Parse(req.ServiceID)
-	err := db.QueryRow(
+	if err != nil {
-		`SELECT p.owner_id FROM projects p 
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
-		 JOIN services s ON s.project_id = p.id 
+		return
-		 WHERE s.id = $1`,
+	}
-		req.ServiceID,
+	ownerCheck, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetCronOwnerViaService(context.Background(), svcID)
-	).Scan(&ownerCheck)
 
-	if err != nil || (ownerCheck != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
+	if err != nil || (ownerCheck.String() != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -178,11 +211,20 @@ func handleCreateCronJob(c *gin.Context) {
 		UpdatedAt: time.Now(),
 	}
 
-	_, err = db.Exec(
+	err = sqlcdb.New(db.DB).InsertCronJob(context.Background(), sqlcdb.InsertCronJobParams{
-		`INSERT INTO cron_jobs (id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone, enabled, next_run_at, retention, created_at, updated_at)
+		ID:        uuid.MustParse(job.ID),
-		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12)`,
+		ProjectID: uuid.MustParse(job.ProjectID),
-		job.ID, job.ProjectID, job.ServiceID, job.Name, job.Schedule, job.Command, job.Timezone, job.Enabled, job.NextRunAt, job.Retention, job.CreatedAt, job.UpdatedAt,
+		ServiceID: uuid.MustParse(job.ServiceID),
-	)
+		Name:      job.Name,
+		Schedule:  job.Schedule,
+		Command:   job.Command,
+		Timezone:  sql.NullString{String: job.Timezone, Valid: true},
+		Enabled:   sql.NullBool{Bool: job.Enabled, Valid: true},
+		NextRunAt: ntPtr(job.NextRunAt),
+		Retention: sql.NullInt32{Int32: int32(job.Retention), Valid: true},
+		CreatedAt: sql.NullTime{Time: job.CreatedAt, Valid: true},
+		UpdatedAt: sql.NullTime{Time: job.UpdatedAt, Valid: true},
+	})
 
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to create cron job"})
@@ -201,22 +243,17 @@ func handleGetCronJob(c *gin.Context) {
 	db := c.MustGet("db").(*database.DB)
 	jobID := c.Param("id")
 
-	var job CronJob
+	jid, err := uuid.Parse(jobID)
-	err := db.QueryRow(
-		`SELECT cj.id, cj.project_id, cj.service_id, cj.name, cj.schedule, cj.timezone,
-		        cj.enabled, cj.last_run_at, cj.next_run_at, cj.last_status, cj.last_output,
-		        cj.retention, cj.created_at, cj.updated_at
-		 FROM cron_jobs cj
-		 WHERE cj.id = $1`,
-		jobID,
-	).Scan(&job.ID, &job.ProjectID, &job.ServiceID, &job.Name, &job.Schedule, &job.Timezone,
-		&job.Enabled, &job.LastRunAt, &job.NextRunAt, &job.LastStatus, &job.LastOutput,
-		&job.Retention, &job.CreatedAt, &job.UpdatedAt)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "Cron job not found"})
 		return
 	}
+	row, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetCronJob(context.Background(), jid)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "Cron job not found"})
+		return
+	}
+	job := cronJobFrom(row)
 
 	projectID, found := cronJobProjectID(db, jobID)
 	if !found {
@@ -242,15 +279,14 @@ func handleUpdateCronJob(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var ownerCheck string
+	jid, err := uuid.Parse(jobID)
-	err := db.QueryRow(
+	if err != nil {
-		`SELECT p.owner_id FROM cron_jobs cj
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
-		 JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
+		return
-		 WHERE cj.id = $1`,
+	}
-		jobID,
+	ownerCheck, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetCronJobOwner(context.Background(), jid)
-	).Scan(&ownerCheck)
 
-	if err != nil || (ownerCheck != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
+	if err != nil || (ownerCheck.String() != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -312,21 +348,19 @@ func handleDeleteCronJob(c *gin.Context) {
 	db := c.MustGet("db").(*database.DB)
 	jobID := c.Param("id")
 
-	var ownerCheck string
+	jid, err := uuid.Parse(jobID)
-	err := db.QueryRow(
+	if err != nil {
-		`SELECT p.owner_id FROM cron_jobs cj
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
-		 JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
+		return
-		 WHERE cj.id = $1`,
+	}
-		jobID,
+	ownerCheck, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetCronJobOwner(context.Background(), jid)
-	).Scan(&ownerCheck)
 
-	if err != nil || (ownerCheck != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
+	if err != nil || (ownerCheck.String() != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	_, err = db.Exec("DELETE FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1", jobID)
+	if err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).DeleteCronJob(context.Background(), jid); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to delete cron job"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -350,29 +384,20 @@ func handleGetCronExecutions(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	rows, err := db.Query(
+	jid, err := uuid.Parse(jobID)
-		`SELECT id, cron_job_id, started_at, finished_at, status, output, error
+	if err != nil {
-		 FROM cron_executions 
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to fetch executions"})
-		 WHERE cron_job_id = $1 
+		return
-		 ORDER BY started_at DESC 
+	}
-		 LIMIT 100`,
+	rows, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).ListCronExecutions(context.Background(), jid)
-		jobID,
-	)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to fetch executions"})
 		return
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
 
 	var executions []CronExecution
-	for rows.Next() {
+	for _, e := range rows {
-		var exec CronExecution
+		executions = append(executions, cronExecutionFrom(e))
-		err := rows.Scan(&exec.ID, &exec.CronJobID, &exec.StartedAt, &exec.FinishedAt, &exec.Status, &exec.Output, &exec.Error)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		executions = append(executions, exec)
 	}
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"executions": executions})
@@ -383,29 +408,33 @@ func handleTriggerCronJob(c *gin.Context) {
 	db := c.MustGet("db").(*database.DB)
 	jobID := c.Param("id")
 
-	var job CronJob
+	jid, err := uuid.Parse(jobID)
-	var ownerCheck string
+	if err != nil {
-	err := db.QueryRow(
-		`SELECT cj.service_id, cj.command, cj.schedule, cj.timezone, cj.retention, p.owner_id
-		 FROM cron_jobs cj
-		 JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
-		 WHERE cj.id = $1`,
-		jobID,
-	).Scan(&job.ServiceID, &job.Command, &job.Schedule, &job.Timezone, &job.Retention, &ownerCheck)
-
-	if err != nil || (ownerCheck != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
 		return
 	}
+	trig, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetCronJobForTrigger(context.Background(), jid)
+	if err != nil || (trig.OwnerID.String() != userID && !contextIsAdmin(c)) {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "Access denied"})
+		return
+	}
+	job := CronJob{
+		ServiceID: trig.ServiceID.String(),
+		Command:   trig.Command,
+		Schedule:  trig.Schedule,
+		Timezone:  trig.Timezone.String,
+		Retention: int(trig.Retention.Int32),
+	}
 
 	execID := uuid.New().String()
 	now := time.Now()
 
-	_, err = db.Exec(
+	_ = sqlcdb.New(db.DB).InsertCronExecution(context.Background(), sqlcdb.InsertCronExecutionParams{
-		`INSERT INTO cron_executions (id, cron_job_id, started_at, status)
+		ID:        uuid.MustParse(execID),
-		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)`,
+		CronJobID: jid,
-		execID, jobID, now, "running",
+		StartedAt: now,
-	)
+		Status:    sql.NullString{String: "running", Valid: true},
+	})
 
 	dockerClient, _ := c.Get("docker_client")
 	dockerCli, _ := dockerClient.(*docker.Client)
@@ -458,39 +487,25 @@ func StartCronScheduler(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, dockerClient *dock
 }
 
 func runDueCronJobs(db *database.DB, dockerClient *docker.Client) {
-	rows, err := db.Query(
+	q := sqlcdb.New(db.DB)
-		`SELECT id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone, enabled, retention
+	jobs, err := q.ListDueCronJobs(context.Background())
-		 FROM cron_jobs
-		 WHERE enabled = TRUE AND next_run_at IS NOT NULL AND next_run_at <= NOW()`)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("cron scheduler: failed to list due jobs: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	type dueJob struct {
-		CronJob
-		Command string
-	}
-	var jobs []dueJob
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var j dueJob
-		if err := rows.Scan(&j.ID, &j.ProjectID, &j.ServiceID, &j.Name, &j.Schedule,
-			&j.Command, &j.Timezone, &j.Enabled, &j.Retention); err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		jobs = append(jobs, j)
-	}
 
 	for _, j := range jobs {
 		execID := uuid.New().String()
-		if _, err := db.Exec(
+		if err := q.InsertCronExecution(context.Background(), sqlcdb.InsertCronExecutionParams{
-			`INSERT INTO cron_executions (id, cron_job_id, started_at, status) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)`,
+			ID:        uuid.MustParse(execID),
-			execID, j.ID, time.Now(), "running"); err != nil {
+			CronJobID: j.ID,
+			StartedAt: time.Now(),
+			Status:    sql.NullString{String: "running", Valid: true},
+		}); err != nil {
 			log.Printf("cron scheduler: failed to record execution for %s: %v", j.ID, err)
 			continue
 		}
-		go executeCronJob(db, dockerClient, j.ID, j.ServiceID, execID, j.Command, j.Schedule, j.Timezone, j.Retention)
+		go executeCronJob(db, dockerClient, j.ID.String(), j.ServiceID.String(), execID, j.Command, j.Schedule, j.Timezone.String, int(j.Retention.Int32))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -584,23 +599,32 @@ func executeCronJob(db *database.DB, dockerClient *docker.Client, jobID, service
 	}
 
 	now := time.Now()
-	db.Exec(
+	q := sqlcdb.New(db.DB)
-		`UPDATE cron_executions SET finished_at = $1, status = $2, output = $3, error = $4 WHERE id = $5`,
+	if eid, err := uuid.Parse(execID); err == nil {
-		now, status, output, errText, execID,
+		_ = q.FinishCronExecution(context.Background(), sqlcdb.FinishCronExecutionParams{
-	)
+			FinishedAt: sql.NullTime{Time: now, Valid: true},
+			Status:     sql.NullString{String: status, Valid: true},
+			Output:     sql.NullString{String: output, Valid: true},
+			Error:      sql.NullString{String: errText, Valid: true},
+			ID:         eid,
+		})
+	}
 
 	next, _ := calculateNextRun(schedule, timezone)
-	db.Exec(
+	if jid, err := uuid.Parse(jobID); err == nil {
-		`UPDATE cron_jobs SET last_run_at = $1, last_status = $2, last_output = $3, next_run_at = $4 WHERE id = $5`,
+		_ = q.UpdateCronJobRun(context.Background(), sqlcdb.UpdateCronJobRunParams{
-		now, status, output, next, jobID,
+			LastRunAt:  sql.NullTime{Time: now, Valid: true},
-	)
+			LastStatus: sql.NullString{String: status, Valid: true},
+			LastOutput: sql.NullString{String: output, Valid: true},
+			NextRunAt:  ntPtr(next),
+			ID:         jid,
+		})
 
-	if retention > 0 {
+		if retention > 0 {
-		db.Exec(
+			_ = q.TrimCronExecutions(context.Background(), sqlcdb.TrimCronExecutionsParams{
-			`DELETE FROM cron_executions WHERE cron_job_id = $1 AND id NOT IN (
+				CronJobID: jid,
-				SELECT id FROM cron_executions WHERE cron_job_id = $1
+				Limit:     int32(retention),
-				ORDER BY started_at DESC LIMIT $2)`,
+			})
-			jobID, retention,
+		}
-		)
 	}
 }

app/backend/internal/api/cron_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"containr/internal/database"
+	"containr/internal/database/sqlcdb"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
 
 func TestCalculateNextRun(t *testing.T) {
@@ -64,3 +71,123 @@ func TestCalculateNextRunTimezone(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Logf("utc next: %v / tokyo next: %v", utcNext, tokyoNext)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestCronLiveInvariants exercises the cron.sql queries on live Postgres:
+// insert/read/owner join, execution lifecycle, run bookkeeping, retention trim.
+func TestCronLiveInvariants(t *testing.T) {
+	dsn := testDSNString(t)
+	db, err := database.NewConnection(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	q := sqlcdb.New(db.DB)
+
+	userID := uuid.New()
+	projectID := uuid.New()
+	envID := uuid.New()
+	serviceID := uuid.New()
+	jobID := uuid.New()
+	suffix := strings.ReplaceAll(jobID.String()[:8], "-", "")
+	must := func(err error) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO users (id, email, password_hash, name) VALUES ($1, $2, 'x', 'test')`,
+		userID, "cron-"+suffix+"@test.local")
+	must(err)
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO projects (id, name, owner_id, is_approved) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, true)`,
+		projectID, "cron-"+suffix, userID)
+	must(err)
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO environments (id, name, project_id) VALUES ($1, 'production', $2)`,
+		envID, projectID)
+	must(err)
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO services (id, name, project_id, environment_id, service_type, source_type)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, 'web', 'image')`,
+		serviceID, "cron-"+suffix, projectID, envID)
+	must(err)
+	defer func() { _, _ = db.Exec(`DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID) }()
+
+	next, err := calculateNextRun("0 4 * * *", "UTC")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("schedule: %v", err)
+	}
+	must(q.InsertCronJob(ctx, sqlcdb.InsertCronJobParams{
+		ID: jobID, ProjectID: projectID, ServiceID: serviceID,
+		Name: "job-" + suffix, Schedule: "0 4 * * *", Command: "echo hi",
+		Timezone:  sql.NullString{String: "UTC", Valid: true},
+		Enabled:   sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		NextRunAt: ntPtr(next),
+	}))
+	job, err := q.GetCronJob(ctx, jobID)
+	if err != nil || job.Name != "job-"+suffix || job.Command != "echo hi" {
+		t.Fatalf("job: %v %+v", err, job)
+	}
+	owner, err := q.GetCronJobOwner(ctx, jobID)
+	if err != nil || owner != userID {
+		t.Fatalf("owner: %v %v", err, owner)
+	}
+	owner2, err := q.GetCronOwnerViaService(ctx, serviceID)
+	if err != nil || owner2 != userID {
+		t.Fatalf("owner via service: %v %v", err, owner2)
+	}
+	pid, err := q.GetCronJobProjectID(ctx, jobID)
+	if err != nil || pid != projectID {
+		t.Fatalf("project: %v %v", err, pid)
+	}
+
+	// Trigger-shaped read.
+	trig, err := q.GetCronJobForTrigger(ctx, jobID)
+	if err != nil || trig.ServiceID != serviceID || trig.OwnerID != userID {
+		t.Fatalf("trigger: %v %+v", err, trig)
+	}
+
+	// Execution lifecycle + retention trim.
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		execID := uuid.New()
+		must(q.InsertCronExecution(ctx, sqlcdb.InsertCronExecutionParams{
+			ID: execID, CronJobID: jobID,
+			StartedAt: time.Now().Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Second),
+			Status:    sql.NullString{String: "running", Valid: true},
+		}))
+		must(q.FinishCronExecution(ctx, sqlcdb.FinishCronExecutionParams{
+			FinishedAt: sql.NullTime{Time: time.Now(), Valid: true},
+			Status:     sql.NullString{String: "success", Valid: true},
+			Output:     sql.NullString{String: "ok", Valid: true},
+			Error:      sql.NullString{String: "", Valid: true},
+			ID:         execID,
+		}))
+	}
+	execs, err := q.ListCronExecutions(ctx, jobID)
+	if err != nil || len(execs) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("execs: %v %d", err, len(execs))
+	}
+	if execs[0].Status.String != "success" || !execs[0].FinishedAt.Valid {
+		t.Fatalf("exec row: %+v", execs[0])
+	}
+	must(q.TrimCronExecutions(ctx, sqlcdb.TrimCronExecutionsParams{CronJobID: jobID, Limit: 1}))
+	execs, _ = q.ListCronExecutions(ctx, jobID)
+	if len(execs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("trim kept %d, want 1", len(execs))
+	}
+
+	must(q.UpdateCronJobRun(ctx, sqlcdb.UpdateCronJobRunParams{
+		LastRunAt:  sql.NullTime{Time: time.Now(), Valid: true},
+		LastStatus: sql.NullString{String: "success", Valid: true},
+		LastOutput: sql.NullString{String: "ok", Valid: true},
+		NextRunAt:  ntPtr(next),
+		ID:         jobID,
+	}))
+	job, _ = q.GetCronJob(ctx, jobID)
+	if job.LastStatus.String != "success" || !job.LastRunAt.Valid {
+		t.Fatalf("post-run job: %+v", job)
+	}
+
+	must(q.DeleteCronJob(ctx, jobID))
+	if _, err := q.GetCronJob(ctx, jobID); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("deleted job still readable")
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/api/domains_test.go

@@ -573,4 +573,29 @@ func TestRuntimeLiveInvariants(t *testing.T) {
 	if row.Replicas != 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("replicas: %+v", row)
 	}
+
+	// Sleeper reads: candidate sweep + domain/status text lookups.
+	_, err = db.Exec(`UPDATE services SET sleep_enabled = true, domain = 'rt.example.com', status = 'running' WHERE id = $1`, serviceID)
+	must(err)
+	cands, err := q.ListSleepCandidates(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("sleep candidates: %v", err)
+	}
+	var mine *sqlcdb.ListSleepCandidatesRow
+	for i := range cands {
+		if cands[i].ID == serviceID {
+			mine = &cands[i]
+		}
+	}
+	if mine == nil || mine.SleepIdleMinutes != 15 {
+		t.Fatalf("candidate missing/idle wrong: %+v", mine)
+	}
+	dom, err := q.GetServiceDomainText(ctx, serviceID)
+	if err != nil || dom != "rt.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("domain text: %v %q", err, dom)
+	}
+	st, err := q.GetServiceStatusText(ctx, serviceID)
+	if err != nil || st != "running" {
+		t.Fatalf("status text: %v %q", err, st)
+	}
 }

app/backend/internal/api/sleeper.go

@@ -86,20 +86,17 @@ type sleepCandidate struct {
 }
 
 func sweepSleeping(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, dc *docker.Client, engine *deployment.DeploymentEngine, apiPort int) {
-	rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx,
+	sweepRows, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).ListSleepCandidates(ctx)
-		`SELECT id, project_id, name, COALESCE(status,''), COALESCE(sleep_idle_minutes,15)
-		 FROM services WHERE sleep_enabled AND COALESCE(status,'') IN ('running','deployed','degraded','starting')`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	var candidates []sleepCandidate
-	for rows.Next() {
+	for _, r := range sweepRows {
-		var s sleepCandidate
+		candidates = append(candidates, sleepCandidate{
-		if err := rows.Scan(&s.ID, &s.ProjectID, &s.Name, &s.Status, &s.IdleMinutes); err == nil {
+			ID: r.ID, ProjectID: r.ProjectID, Name: r.Name,
-			candidates = append(candidates, s)
+			Status: r.Status, IdleMinutes: int(r.SleepIdleMinutes),
-		}
+		})
 	}
-	rows.Close()
 
 	q := sqlcdb.New(db.DB)
 	for _, svc := range candidates {
@@ -187,11 +184,10 @@ func putToSleepRemote(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, q *sqlcdb.Queries, s
 	tracker.mu.Lock()
 	delete(tracker.activity, svc.ID)
 	tracker.mu.Unlock()
-	_, _ = db.Exec(`UPDATE services SET status = 'sleeping', updated_at = $1 WHERE id = $2`, time.Now(), svc.ID)
+	setServiceStatusNow(db, svc.ID, "sleeping")
 	log.Printf("sleep: %s (%s) remote replicas removed after idle timeout", svc.Name, svc.ID)
 
-	var domain string
+	domain, _ := q.GetServiceDomainText(ctx, svc.ID)
-	_ = db.QueryRow(`SELECT COALESCE(domain,'') FROM services WHERE id = $1`, svc.ID).Scan(&domain)
 	domains := serviceDomainNames(db, svc.ID, domain)
 	if len(domains) > 0 {
 		writeWakeIngress(svc.ID.String(), domains, apiPort)
@@ -250,11 +246,10 @@ func putToSleep(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, dc *docker.Client, engine
 	tracker.mu.Lock()
 	delete(tracker.activity, svc.ID)
 	tracker.mu.Unlock()
-	_, _ = db.Exec(`UPDATE services SET status = 'sleeping', updated_at = $1 WHERE id = $2`, time.Now(), svc.ID)
+	setServiceStatusNow(db, svc.ID, "sleeping")
 	log.Printf("sleep: %s (%s) scaled to zero after idle timeout", svc.Name, svc.ID)
 
-	var domain string
+	domain, _ := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetServiceDomainText(ctx, svc.ID)
-	_ = db.QueryRow(`SELECT COALESCE(domain,'') FROM services WHERE id = $1`, svc.ID).Scan(&domain)
 	domains := serviceDomainNames(db, svc.ID, domain)
 	if len(domains) == 0 {
 		return
@@ -444,7 +439,9 @@ func pruneWakeContainers(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, dc *docker.Client
 			}
 		}
 		var status string
-		_ = db.QueryRow(`SELECT COALESCE(status,'') FROM services WHERE id = $1`, svcID).Scan(&status)
+		if sid, err := uuid.Parse(svcID); err == nil {
+			status, _ = sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetServiceStatusText(ctx, sid)
+		}
 		if live > 0 || status == "stopped" || status == "" {
 			_ = dc.RemoveContainer(ctx, c.ID, true)
 		}
@@ -491,34 +488,11 @@ func triggerServiceWake(c *gin.Context) (int, gin.H) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid service id"}
 	}
-	var service Service
+	row, err := sqlcdb.New(db.DB).GetServiceRuntimeWithOwner(context.Background(), id)
-	err = db.QueryRow(
-		`SELECT s.id, s.project_id, s.name,
-		        COALESCE(s.type, s.service_type, ''), COALESCE(s.status, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.image, s.image_name, ''), COALESCE(s.command, s.start_command, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.environment, ''), COALESCE(s.git_repo, s.source_url, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.git_branch, ''), COALESCE(s.build_path, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.cpu, ''), COALESCE(s.memory, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.replicas, 1), COALESCE(s.port, 0),
-		        COALESCE(s.domain, ''), COALESCE(s.healthcheck_path, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.restart_policy, 'unless-stopped'),
-		        COALESCE(s.builder, 'auto'), COALESCE(s.cpu_reserve, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.memory_reserve, ''), COALESCE(s.static_build_cmd, ''),
-		        COALESCE(s.static_dir, ''),
-		        s.created_at, s.updated_at
-		 FROM services s WHERE s.id = $1`, id,
-	).Scan(
-		&service.ID, &service.ProjectID, &service.Name, &service.Type, &service.Status,
-		&service.Image, &service.Command, &service.Environment, &service.GitRepo,
-		&service.GitBranch, &service.BuildPath, &service.CPU, &service.Memory,
-		&service.Replicas, &service.Port, &service.Domain, &service.HealthCheckPath,
-		&service.RestartPolicy, &service.Builder, &service.CPUReserve,
-		&service.MemoryReserve, &service.StaticBuildCmd, &service.StaticDir,
-		&service.CreatedAt, &service.UpdatedAt,
-	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "service not found"}
 	}
+	service := serviceFromRuntimeRow(row)
 	if service.Status == "running" || service.Status == "deployed" {
 		return http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": service.Status}
 	}
@@ -528,13 +502,13 @@ func triggerServiceWake(c *gin.Context) (int, gin.H) {
 		spec, err := serviceRuntimeSpec(db, service)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("wake: runtime spec for %s failed: %v", service.ID, err)
-			_, _ = db.Exec(`UPDATE services SET status = 'failed', updated_at = $1 WHERE id = $2`, time.Now(), service.ID)
+			setServiceStatusNow(db, service.ID, "failed")
 			return
 		}
 		state, err := engine.ReconcileService(ctx, spec)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("wake: reconcile for %s failed: %v", service.ID, err)
-			_, _ = db.Exec(`UPDATE services SET status = 'failed', updated_at = $1 WHERE id = $2`, time.Now(), service.ID)
+			setServiceStatusNow(db, service.ID, "failed")
 			return
 		}
 		status := "running"
@@ -542,7 +516,7 @@ func triggerServiceWake(c *gin.Context) (int, gin.H) {
 			status = state.Status
 			persistPublishedPort(db, service.ID, state.Ports)
 		}
-		_, _ = db.Exec(`UPDATE services SET status = $1, updated_at = $2 WHERE id = $3`, status, time.Now(), service.ID)
+		setServiceStatusNow(db, service.ID, status)
 	}()
 	return http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{"status": "waking"}
 }
@@ -563,8 +537,6 @@ func handleServiceSleep(c *gin.Context) {
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
-	var port int
-	_ = db.QueryRow(`SELECT COALESCE(port,0) FROM services WHERE id = $1`, service.ID).Scan(&port)
 	svc := sleepCandidate{
 		ID:        service.ID,
 		ProjectID: service.ProjectID,

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/cron.sql.go

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+// Code generated by sqlc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+//   sqlc v1.31.1
+// source: cron.sql
+
+package sqlcdb
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+)
+
+const deleteCronJob = `-- name: DeleteCronJob :exec
+DELETE FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) DeleteCronJob(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, deleteCronJob, id)
+	return err
+}
+
+const finishCronExecution = `-- name: FinishCronExecution :exec
+UPDATE cron_executions SET finished_at = $1, status = $2, output = $3, error = $4 WHERE id = $5
+`
+
+type FinishCronExecutionParams struct {
+	FinishedAt sql.NullTime   `json:"finished_at"`
+	Status     sql.NullString `json:"status"`
+	Output     sql.NullString `json:"output"`
+	Error      sql.NullString `json:"error"`
+	ID         uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) FinishCronExecution(ctx context.Context, arg FinishCronExecutionParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, finishCronExecution,
+		arg.FinishedAt,
+		arg.Status,
+		arg.Output,
+		arg.Error,
+		arg.ID,
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+const getCronJob = `-- name: GetCronJob :one
+SELECT id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone,
+       enabled, last_run_at, next_run_at, last_status, last_output,
+       retention, created_at, updated_at
+FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetCronJob(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (CronJob, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getCronJob, id)
+	var i CronJob
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&i.ID,
+		&i.ProjectID,
+		&i.ServiceID,
+		&i.Name,
+		&i.Schedule,
+		&i.Command,
+		&i.Timezone,
+		&i.Enabled,
+		&i.LastRunAt,
+		&i.NextRunAt,
+		&i.LastStatus,
+		&i.LastOutput,
+		&i.Retention,
+		&i.CreatedAt,
+		&i.UpdatedAt,
+	)
+	return i, err
+}
+
+const getCronJobForTrigger = `-- name: GetCronJobForTrigger :one
+SELECT cj.service_id, cj.command, cj.schedule, cj.timezone, cj.retention, p.owner_id
+FROM cron_jobs cj
+JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
+WHERE cj.id = $1
+`
+
+type GetCronJobForTriggerRow struct {
+	ServiceID uuid.UUID      `json:"service_id"`
+	Command   string         `json:"command"`
+	Schedule  string         `json:"schedule"`
+	Timezone  sql.NullString `json:"timezone"`
+	Retention sql.NullInt32  `json:"retention"`
+	OwnerID   uuid.UUID      `json:"owner_id"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) GetCronJobForTrigger(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (GetCronJobForTriggerRow, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getCronJobForTrigger, id)
+	var i GetCronJobForTriggerRow
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&i.ServiceID,
+		&i.Command,
+		&i.Schedule,
+		&i.Timezone,
+		&i.Retention,
+		&i.OwnerID,
+	)
+	return i, err
+}
+
+const getCronJobOwner = `-- name: GetCronJobOwner :one
+SELECT p.owner_id FROM cron_jobs cj
+JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
+WHERE cj.id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetCronJobOwner(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (uuid.UUID, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getCronJobOwner, id)
+	var owner_id uuid.UUID
+	err := row.Scan(&owner_id)
+	return owner_id, err
+}
+
+const getCronJobProjectID = `-- name: GetCronJobProjectID :one
+SELECT project_id FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetCronJobProjectID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (uuid.UUID, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getCronJobProjectID, id)
+	var project_id uuid.UUID
+	err := row.Scan(&project_id)
+	return project_id, err
+}
+
+const getCronOwnerViaService = `-- name: GetCronOwnerViaService :one
+SELECT p.owner_id FROM projects p
+JOIN services s ON s.project_id = p.id
+WHERE s.id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetCronOwnerViaService(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (uuid.UUID, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getCronOwnerViaService, id)
+	var owner_id uuid.UUID
+	err := row.Scan(&owner_id)
+	return owner_id, err
+}
+
+const insertCronExecution = `-- name: InsertCronExecution :exec
+INSERT INTO cron_executions (id, cron_job_id, started_at, status)
+VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)
+`
+
+type InsertCronExecutionParams struct {
+	ID        uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+	CronJobID uuid.UUID      `json:"cron_job_id"`
+	StartedAt time.Time      `json:"started_at"`
+	Status    sql.NullString `json:"status"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) InsertCronExecution(ctx context.Context, arg InsertCronExecutionParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, insertCronExecution,
+		arg.ID,
+		arg.CronJobID,
+		arg.StartedAt,
+		arg.Status,
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+const insertCronJob = `-- name: InsertCronJob :exec
+INSERT INTO cron_jobs (id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone, enabled, next_run_at, retention, created_at, updated_at)
+VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12)
+`
+
+type InsertCronJobParams struct {
+	ID        uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+	ProjectID uuid.UUID      `json:"project_id"`
+	ServiceID uuid.UUID      `json:"service_id"`
+	Name      string         `json:"name"`
+	Schedule  string         `json:"schedule"`
+	Command   string         `json:"command"`
+	Timezone  sql.NullString `json:"timezone"`
+	Enabled   sql.NullBool   `json:"enabled"`
+	NextRunAt sql.NullTime   `json:"next_run_at"`
+	Retention sql.NullInt32  `json:"retention"`
+	CreatedAt sql.NullTime   `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt sql.NullTime   `json:"updated_at"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) InsertCronJob(ctx context.Context, arg InsertCronJobParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, insertCronJob,
+		arg.ID,
+		arg.ProjectID,
+		arg.ServiceID,
+		arg.Name,
+		arg.Schedule,
+		arg.Command,
+		arg.Timezone,
+		arg.Enabled,
+		arg.NextRunAt,
+		arg.Retention,
+		arg.CreatedAt,
+		arg.UpdatedAt,
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+const listCronExecutions = `-- name: ListCronExecutions :many
+SELECT id, cron_job_id, started_at, finished_at, status, output, error
+FROM cron_executions
+WHERE cron_job_id = $1
+ORDER BY started_at DESC
+LIMIT 100
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) ListCronExecutions(ctx context.Context, cronJobID uuid.UUID) ([]CronExecution, error) {
+	rows, err := q.db.QueryContext(ctx, listCronExecutions, cronJobID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	items := []CronExecution{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var i CronExecution
+		if err := rows.Scan(
+			&i.ID,
+			&i.CronJobID,
+			&i.StartedAt,
+			&i.FinishedAt,
+			&i.Status,
+			&i.Output,
+			&i.Error,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		items = append(items, i)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
+const listDueCronJobs = `-- name: ListDueCronJobs :many
+SELECT id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone, enabled, retention
+FROM cron_jobs
+WHERE enabled = TRUE AND next_run_at IS NOT NULL AND next_run_at <= NOW()
+`
+
+type ListDueCronJobsRow struct {
+	ID        uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+	ProjectID uuid.UUID      `json:"project_id"`
+	ServiceID uuid.UUID      `json:"service_id"`
+	Name      string         `json:"name"`
+	Schedule  string         `json:"schedule"`
+	Command   string         `json:"command"`
+	Timezone  sql.NullString `json:"timezone"`
+	Enabled   sql.NullBool   `json:"enabled"`
+	Retention sql.NullInt32  `json:"retention"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) ListDueCronJobs(ctx context.Context) ([]ListDueCronJobsRow, error) {
+	rows, err := q.db.QueryContext(ctx, listDueCronJobs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	items := []ListDueCronJobsRow{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var i ListDueCronJobsRow
+		if err := rows.Scan(
+			&i.ID,
+			&i.ProjectID,
+			&i.ServiceID,
+			&i.Name,
+			&i.Schedule,
+			&i.Command,
+			&i.Timezone,
+			&i.Enabled,
+			&i.Retention,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		items = append(items, i)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
+const trimCronExecutions = `-- name: TrimCronExecutions :exec
+DELETE FROM cron_executions WHERE cron_executions.cron_job_id = $1 AND cron_executions.id NOT IN (
+    SELECT ce.id FROM cron_executions ce WHERE ce.cron_job_id = $1
+    ORDER BY ce.started_at DESC LIMIT $2)
+`
+
+type TrimCronExecutionsParams struct {
+	CronJobID uuid.UUID `json:"cron_job_id"`
+	Limit     int32     `json:"limit"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) TrimCronExecutions(ctx context.Context, arg TrimCronExecutionsParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, trimCronExecutions, arg.CronJobID, arg.Limit)
+	return err
+}
+
+const updateCronJobRun = `-- name: UpdateCronJobRun :exec
+UPDATE cron_jobs SET last_run_at = $1, last_status = $2, last_output = $3, next_run_at = $4 WHERE id = $5
+`
+
+type UpdateCronJobRunParams struct {
+	LastRunAt  sql.NullTime   `json:"last_run_at"`
+	LastStatus sql.NullString `json:"last_status"`
+	LastOutput sql.NullString `json:"last_output"`
+	NextRunAt  sql.NullTime   `json:"next_run_at"`
+	ID         uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) UpdateCronJobRun(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateCronJobRunParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, updateCronJobRun,
+		arg.LastRunAt,
+		arg.LastStatus,
+		arg.LastOutput,
+		arg.NextRunAt,
+		arg.ID,
+	)
+	return err
+}

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/models.go

@@ -98,6 +98,34 @@ type ContainerInstance struct {
 	UpdatedAt     sql.NullTime          `json:"updated_at"`
 }
 
+type CronExecution struct {
+	ID         uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+	CronJobID  uuid.UUID      `json:"cron_job_id"`
+	StartedAt  time.Time      `json:"started_at"`
+	FinishedAt sql.NullTime   `json:"finished_at"`
+	Status     sql.NullString `json:"status"`
+	Output     sql.NullString `json:"output"`
+	Error      sql.NullString `json:"error"`
+}
+
+type CronJob struct {
+	ID         uuid.UUID      `json:"id"`
+	ProjectID  uuid.UUID      `json:"project_id"`
+	ServiceID  uuid.UUID      `json:"service_id"`
+	Name       string         `json:"name"`
+	Schedule   string         `json:"schedule"`
+	Command    string         `json:"command"`
+	Timezone   sql.NullString `json:"timezone"`
+	Enabled    sql.NullBool   `json:"enabled"`
+	LastRunAt  sql.NullTime   `json:"last_run_at"`
+	NextRunAt  sql.NullTime   `json:"next_run_at"`
+	LastStatus sql.NullString `json:"last_status"`
+	LastOutput sql.NullString `json:"last_output"`
+	Retention  sql.NullInt32  `json:"retention"`
+	CreatedAt  sql.NullTime   `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt  sql.NullTime   `json:"updated_at"`
+}
+
 type DatabaseBackup struct {
 	ID          string         `json:"id"`
 	DatabaseID  string         `json:"database_id"`
@@ -330,51 +358,53 @@ type Registry struct {
 }
 
 type Service struct {
-	ID              uuid.UUID       `json:"id"`
+	ID               uuid.UUID       `json:"id"`
-	Name            string          `json:"name"`
+	Name             string          `json:"name"`
-	Description     sql.NullString  `json:"description"`
+	Description      sql.NullString  `json:"description"`
-	ProjectID       uuid.UUID       `json:"project_id"`
+	ProjectID        uuid.UUID       `json:"project_id"`
-	EnvironmentID   uuid.UUID       `json:"environment_id"`
+	EnvironmentID    uuid.UUID       `json:"environment_id"`
-	ServiceType     string          `json:"service_type"`
+	ServiceType      string          `json:"service_type"`
-	SourceType      string          `json:"source_type"`
+	SourceType       string          `json:"source_type"`
-	SourceUrl       sql.NullString  `json:"source_url"`
+	SourceUrl        sql.NullString  `json:"source_url"`
-	ImageName       sql.NullString  `json:"image_name"`
+	ImageName        sql.NullString  `json:"image_name"`
-	BuildCommand    sql.NullString  `json:"build_command"`
+	BuildCommand     sql.NullString  `json:"build_command"`
-	StartCommand    sql.NullString  `json:"start_command"`
+	StartCommand     sql.NullString  `json:"start_command"`
-	CpuLimit        sql.NullInt32   `json:"cpu_limit"`
+	CpuLimit         sql.NullInt32   `json:"cpu_limit"`
-	MemoryLimit     sql.NullInt32   `json:"memory_limit"`
+	MemoryLimit      sql.NullInt32   `json:"memory_limit"`
-	PublicUrl       sql.NullString  `json:"public_url"`
+	PublicUrl        sql.NullString  `json:"public_url"`
-	HealthCheckUrl  sql.NullString  `json:"health_check_url"`
+	HealthCheckUrl   sql.NullString  `json:"health_check_url"`
-	Status          sql.NullString  `json:"status"`
+	Status           sql.NullString  `json:"status"`
-	CreatedAt       sql.NullTime    `json:"created_at"`
+	CreatedAt        sql.NullTime    `json:"created_at"`
-	UpdatedAt       sql.NullTime    `json:"updated_at"`
+	UpdatedAt        sql.NullTime    `json:"updated_at"`
-	Type            sql.NullString  `json:"type"`
+	Type             sql.NullString  `json:"type"`
-	Image           sql.NullString  `json:"image"`
+	Image            sql.NullString  `json:"image"`
-	Command         sql.NullString  `json:"command"`
+	Command          sql.NullString  `json:"command"`
-	Environment     sql.NullString  `json:"environment"`
+	Environment      sql.NullString  `json:"environment"`
-	GitRepo         sql.NullString  `json:"git_repo"`
+	GitRepo          sql.NullString  `json:"git_repo"`
-	GitBranch       sql.NullString  `json:"git_branch"`
+	GitBranch        sql.NullString  `json:"git_branch"`
-	BuildPath       sql.NullString  `json:"build_path"`
+	BuildPath        sql.NullString  `json:"build_path"`
-	Cpu             sql.NullString  `json:"cpu"`
+	Cpu              sql.NullString  `json:"cpu"`
-	Memory          sql.NullString  `json:"memory"`
+	Memory           sql.NullString  `json:"memory"`
-	Replicas        int32           `json:"replicas"`
+	Replicas         int32           `json:"replicas"`
-	Port            int32           `json:"port"`
+	Port             int32           `json:"port"`
-	Domain          string          `json:"domain"`
+	Domain           string          `json:"domain"`
-	HealthcheckPath string          `json:"healthcheck_path"`
+	HealthcheckPath  string          `json:"healthcheck_path"`
-	RestartPolicy   string          `json:"restart_policy"`
+	RestartPolicy    string          `json:"restart_policy"`
-	PublishedPort   int32           `json:"published_port"`
+	PublishedPort    int32           `json:"published_port"`
-	Volumes         json.RawMessage `json:"volumes"`
+	Volumes          json.RawMessage `json:"volumes"`
-	MaintenanceMode bool            `json:"maintenance_mode"`
+	MaintenanceMode  bool            `json:"maintenance_mode"`
-	BasicAuthUsers  string          `json:"basic_auth_users"`
+	BasicAuthUsers   string          `json:"basic_auth_users"`
-	Builder         string          `json:"builder"`
+	Builder          string          `json:"builder"`
-	CpuReserve      string          `json:"cpu_reserve"`
+	CpuReserve       string          `json:"cpu_reserve"`
-	MemoryReserve   string          `json:"memory_reserve"`
+	MemoryReserve    string          `json:"memory_reserve"`
-	StaticBuildCmd  string          `json:"static_build_cmd"`
+	StaticBuildCmd   string          `json:"static_build_cmd"`
-	StaticDir       string          `json:"static_dir"`
+	StaticDir        string          `json:"static_dir"`
-	NodeID          sql.NullString  `json:"node_id"`
+	NodeID           sql.NullString  `json:"node_id"`
-	Spread          bool            `json:"spread"`
+	Spread           bool            `json:"spread"`
-	PlacementTags   json.RawMessage `json:"placement_tags"`
+	SleepEnabled     bool            `json:"sleep_enabled"`
-	TraefikLabels   json.RawMessage `json:"traefik_labels"`
+	SleepIdleMinutes int32           `json:"sleep_idle_minutes"`
+	PlacementTags    json.RawMessage `json:"placement_tags"`
+	TraefikLabels    json.RawMessage `json:"traefik_labels"`
 }
 
 type ServiceDomain struct {

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/querier.go

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	DeleteAllServiceDomains(ctx context.Context, serviceID uuid.UUID) error
 	DeleteBackupTargetByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg DeleteBackupTargetByIDAndUserParams) error
 	DeleteBanner(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
+	DeleteCronJob(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
 	DeleteDatabaseServiceByID(ctx context.Context, id string) error
 	DeleteDatabaseServiceByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg DeleteDatabaseServiceByIDAndUserParams) error
 	DeleteNotificationChannel(ctx context.Context, arg DeleteNotificationChannelParams) (int64, error)
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	DeleteUserInvite(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
 	DeleteUserTemplate(ctx context.Context, arg DeleteUserTemplateParams) (int64, error)
 	FailDeployment(ctx context.Context, arg FailDeploymentParams) error
+	FinishCronExecution(ctx context.Context, arg FinishCronExecutionParams) error
 	GetActiveAgentAuthTokenByHash(ctx context.Context, tokenHash string) (AgentAuthToken, error)
 	GetAgent(ctx context.Context, id string) (NodeAgent, error)
 	GetAgentByHostAndIP(ctx context.Context, arg GetAgentByHostAndIPParams) (NodeAgent, error)
@@ -81,6 +83,11 @@ type Querier interface {
 	GetCommandForAgent(ctx context.Context, arg GetCommandForAgentParams) (AgentCommand, error)
 	GetContainer(ctx context.Context, id string) (ContainerInstance, error)
 	GetContainerForAgent(ctx context.Context, arg GetContainerForAgentParams) (ContainerInstance, error)
+	GetCronJob(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (CronJob, error)
+	GetCronJobForTrigger(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (GetCronJobForTriggerRow, error)
+	GetCronJobOwner(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (uuid.UUID, error)
+	GetCronJobProjectID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (uuid.UUID, error)
+	GetCronOwnerViaService(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (uuid.UUID, error)
 	GetDatabaseBackupByIDAndDatabaseAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg GetDatabaseBackupByIDAndDatabaseAndUserParams) (DatabaseBackup, error)
 	GetDatabaseServiceByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (DatabaseService, error)
 	GetDatabaseServiceByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg GetDatabaseServiceByIDAndUserParams) (DatabaseService, error)
@@ -107,6 +114,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	GetServiceAccess(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (GetServiceAccessRow, error)
 	GetServiceDomainDefault(ctx context.Context, serviceID uuid.UUID) (string, error)
 	GetServiceDomainFirst(ctx context.Context, serviceID uuid.UUID) (string, error)
+	GetServiceDomainText(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (string, error)
 	GetServiceEnvironment(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (string, error)
 	GetServiceForDeploy(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (GetServiceForDeployRow, error)
 	GetServiceForDeployWithOwner(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (GetServiceForDeployWithOwnerRow, error)
@@ -114,12 +122,15 @@ type Querier interface {
 	GetServicePort(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (int32, error)
 	GetServicePublishedPort(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (int32, error)
 	GetServiceRuntimeWithOwner(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (GetServiceRuntimeWithOwnerRow, error)
+	GetServiceStatusText(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (string, error)
 	GetServiceTemplateByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (ServiceTemplate, error)
 	GetServiceTypeBrief(ctx context.Context, arg GetServiceTypeBriefParams) (GetServiceTypeBriefRow, error)
 	GetServiceVariableValue(ctx context.Context, arg GetServiceVariableValueParams) (string, error)
 	GetUserInviteByTokenHash(ctx context.Context, tokenHash string) (UserInvite, error)
 	GetUserTokenByHash(ctx context.Context, tokenHash string) (UserToken, error)
 	InsertAgentHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, arg InsertAgentHeartbeatParams) error
+	InsertCronExecution(ctx context.Context, arg InsertCronExecutionParams) error
+	InsertCronJob(ctx context.Context, arg InsertCronJobParams) error
 	InsertDeployment(ctx context.Context, arg InsertDeploymentParams) error
 	InsertNotificationChannel(ctx context.Context, arg InsertNotificationChannelParams) (NotificationChannel, error)
 	InsertPendingDeployment(ctx context.Context, arg InsertPendingDeploymentParams) error
@@ -134,10 +145,12 @@ type Querier interface {
 	ListBanners(ctx context.Context) ([]Banner, error)
 	ListCommandsForAgent(ctx context.Context, nodeAgentID string) ([]AgentCommand, error)
 	ListContainersForAgent(ctx context.Context, nodeAgentID string) ([]ContainerInstance, error)
+	ListCronExecutions(ctx context.Context, cronJobID uuid.UUID) ([]CronExecution, error)
 	ListDatabaseBackupsByDatabaseAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg ListDatabaseBackupsByDatabaseAndUserParams) ([]DatabaseBackup, error)
 	ListDatabaseServicesByProject(ctx context.Context, projectID uuid.NullUUID) ([]DatabaseService, error)
 	ListDatabaseServicesByUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) ([]DatabaseService, error)
 	ListDeploymentsForService(ctx context.Context, arg ListDeploymentsForServiceParams) ([]ListDeploymentsForServiceRow, error)
+	ListDueCronJobs(ctx context.Context) ([]ListDueCronJobsRow, error)
 	ListDueDatabaseBackups(ctx context.Context) ([]ListDueDatabaseBackupsRow, error)
 	ListEnabledOutboundWebhooks(ctx context.Context) ([]OutboundWebhook, error)
 	ListExpiredPreviewsForUser(ctx context.Context, arg ListExpiredPreviewsForUserParams) ([]ListExpiredPreviewsForUserRow, error)
@@ -172,6 +185,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	ListServiceTemplatesForUser(ctx context.Context, ownerID uuid.NullUUID) ([]ServiceTemplate, error)
 	ListServiceVariableValues(ctx context.Context, serviceID uuid.UUID) ([]ListServiceVariableValuesRow, error)
 	ListServiceVariablesWithSecret(ctx context.Context, serviceID uuid.UUID) ([]ListServiceVariablesWithSecretRow, error)
+	ListSleepCandidates(ctx context.Context) ([]ListSleepCandidatesRow, error)
 	ListSweepablePreviews(ctx context.Context) ([]ListSweepablePreviewsRow, error)
 	ListUserInvites(ctx context.Context) ([]UserInvite, error)
 	ListUserTokens(ctx context.Context, userID uuid.UUID) ([]UserToken, error)
@@ -215,6 +229,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	TouchAgentAuthToken(ctx context.Context, tokenHash string) error
 	TouchServiceDomainChecked(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
 	TouchUserToken(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
+	TrimCronExecutions(ctx context.Context, arg TrimCronExecutionsParams) error
 	UpdateAgent(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateAgentParams) (NodeAgent, error)
 	UpdateAgentHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateAgentHeartbeatParams) error
 	UpdateBackupTargetByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateBackupTargetByIDAndUserParams) error
@@ -227,6 +242,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	// removed replica. $4 is the cumulative rx+tx byte counter.
 	UpdateContainerStateByName(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateContainerStateByNameParams) error
 	UpdateContainerStatus(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateContainerStatusParams) error
+	UpdateCronJobRun(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateCronJobRunParams) error
 	UpdateDatabaseServiceNameAndPlanByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateDatabaseServiceNameAndPlanByIDAndUserParams) error
 	UpdateDatabaseServiceNameByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateDatabaseServiceNameByIDAndUserParams) error
 	UpdateDatabaseServicePlanByIDAndUser(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateDatabaseServicePlanByIDAndUserParams) error

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/runtime.sql.go

@@ -25,6 +25,17 @@ func (q *Queries) GetLastDeployedImage(ctx context.Context, serviceID uuid.UUID)
 	return image, err
 }
 
+const getServiceDomainText = `-- name: GetServiceDomainText :one
+SELECT COALESCE(domain,'') AS domain FROM services WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetServiceDomainText(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (string, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getServiceDomainText, id)
+	var domain string
+	err := row.Scan(&domain)
+	return domain, err
+}
+
 const getServicePort = `-- name: GetServicePort :one
 SELECT COALESCE(port, 0) AS port FROM services WHERE id = $1
 `
@@ -118,6 +129,17 @@ func (q *Queries) GetServiceRuntimeWithOwner(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID)
 	return i, err
 }
 
+const getServiceStatusText = `-- name: GetServiceStatusText :one
+SELECT COALESCE(status,'') AS status FROM services WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetServiceStatusText(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (string, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getServiceStatusText, id)
+	var status string
+	err := row.Scan(&status)
+	return status, err
+}
+
 const getServiceVariableValue = `-- name: GetServiceVariableValue :one
 SELECT value FROM environment_variables WHERE service_id = $1 AND key = $2
 `
@@ -259,6 +281,50 @@ func (q *Queries) ListServiceVariablesWithSecret(ctx context.Context, serviceID
 	return items, nil
 }
 
+const listSleepCandidates = `-- name: ListSleepCandidates :many
+SELECT id, project_id, name, COALESCE(status,'') AS status,
+       COALESCE(sleep_idle_minutes, 15) AS sleep_idle_minutes
+FROM services
+WHERE sleep_enabled AND COALESCE(status,'') IN ('running','deployed','degraded','starting')
+`
+
+type ListSleepCandidatesRow struct {
+	ID               uuid.UUID `json:"id"`
+	ProjectID        uuid.UUID `json:"project_id"`
+	Name             string    `json:"name"`
+	Status           string    `json:"status"`
+	SleepIdleMinutes int32     `json:"sleep_idle_minutes"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) ListSleepCandidates(ctx context.Context) ([]ListSleepCandidatesRow, error) {
+	rows, err := q.db.QueryContext(ctx, listSleepCandidates)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	items := []ListSleepCandidatesRow{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var i ListSleepCandidatesRow
+		if err := rows.Scan(
+			&i.ID,
+			&i.ProjectID,
+			&i.Name,
+			&i.Status,
+			&i.SleepIdleMinutes,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		items = append(items, i)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
 const setServicePublishedPort = `-- name: SetServicePublishedPort :exec
 UPDATE services SET published_port = $1 WHERE id = $2 AND published_port <> $1
 `

app/backend/sqlc/queries/cron.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+-- name: GetCronJobProjectID :one
+SELECT project_id FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- name: GetCronOwnerViaService :one
+SELECT p.owner_id FROM projects p
+JOIN services s ON s.project_id = p.id
+WHERE s.id = $1;
+
+-- name: InsertCronJob :exec
+INSERT INTO cron_jobs (id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone, enabled, next_run_at, retention, created_at, updated_at)
+VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12);
+
+-- name: GetCronJob :one
+SELECT id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone,
+       enabled, last_run_at, next_run_at, last_status, last_output,
+       retention, created_at, updated_at
+FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- name: GetCronJobOwner :one
+SELECT p.owner_id FROM cron_jobs cj
+JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
+WHERE cj.id = $1;
+
+-- name: DeleteCronJob :exec
+DELETE FROM cron_jobs WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- name: ListCronExecutions :many
+SELECT id, cron_job_id, started_at, finished_at, status, output, error
+FROM cron_executions
+WHERE cron_job_id = $1
+ORDER BY started_at DESC
+LIMIT 100;
+
+-- name: GetCronJobForTrigger :one
+SELECT cj.service_id, cj.command, cj.schedule, cj.timezone, cj.retention, p.owner_id
+FROM cron_jobs cj
+JOIN projects p ON cj.project_id = p.id
+WHERE cj.id = $1;
+
+-- name: InsertCronExecution :exec
+INSERT INTO cron_executions (id, cron_job_id, started_at, status)
+VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+
+-- name: ListDueCronJobs :many
+SELECT id, project_id, service_id, name, schedule, command, timezone, enabled, retention
+FROM cron_jobs
+WHERE enabled = TRUE AND next_run_at IS NOT NULL AND next_run_at <= NOW();
+
+-- name: FinishCronExecution :exec
+UPDATE cron_executions SET finished_at = $1, status = $2, output = $3, error = $4 WHERE id = $5;
+
+-- name: UpdateCronJobRun :exec
+UPDATE cron_jobs SET last_run_at = $1, last_status = $2, last_output = $3, next_run_at = $4 WHERE id = $5;
+
+-- name: TrimCronExecutions :exec
+DELETE FROM cron_executions WHERE cron_executions.cron_job_id = $1 AND cron_executions.id NOT IN (
+    SELECT ce.id FROM cron_executions ce WHERE ce.cron_job_id = $1
+    ORDER BY ce.started_at DESC LIMIT $2);

app/backend/sqlc/queries/runtime.sql

@@ -45,3 +45,15 @@ UPDATE services SET published_port = $1 WHERE id = $2 AND published_port <> $1;
 
 -- name: SetServiceReplicas :exec
 UPDATE services SET replicas = $1, updated_at = $2 WHERE id = $3;
+
+-- name: ListSleepCandidates :many
+SELECT id, project_id, name, COALESCE(status,'') AS status,
+       COALESCE(sleep_idle_minutes, 15) AS sleep_idle_minutes
+FROM services
+WHERE sleep_enabled AND COALESCE(status,'') IN ('running','deployed','degraded','starting');
+
+-- name: GetServiceDomainText :one
+SELECT COALESCE(domain,'') AS domain FROM services WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- name: GetServiceStatusText :one
+SELECT COALESCE(status,'') AS status FROM services WHERE id = $1;

app/backend/sqlc/schema.sql

@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ CREATE TABLE services (
     static_dir VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
     node_id VARCHAR(255),
     spread BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    sleep_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    sleep_idle_minutes INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 15,
     placement_tags JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]',
     traefik_labels JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'
 );
@@ -459,3 +461,31 @@ CREATE TABLE instance_metrics (
     created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW(),
     PRIMARY KEY (service_id, timestamp, instance_id)
 );
+
+CREATE TABLE cron_jobs (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    project_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES projects(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    service_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES services(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+    schedule VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
+    command TEXT NOT NULL,
+    timezone VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'UTC',
+    enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
+    last_run_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
+    next_run_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
+    last_status VARCHAR(50),
+    last_output TEXT,
+    retention INTEGER DEFAULT 30,
+    created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE cron_executions (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    cron_job_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES cron_jobs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    started_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL,
+    finished_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
+    status VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'pending',
+    output TEXT,
+    error TEXT
+);