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{
"id": "dc3cce64548329c22df06949",
"source": "remix:does",
"type": "html",
"title": "Network Concurrency Management | Remix",
"content": "DocsBlogResourcesReact Router v7 has been released. View the docsDocsBlogResourcesView code on GitHubChat on DiscordReact Router v7 has been released. View the docsNetwork Concurrency ManagementGetting StartedQuick Start (5m) Tutorial (30m) Upgrading to v2 Community Future Flags Changelog Discussion TopicsIntroduction, Technical Explanation Runtimes, Adapters, Templates, and Deployment Route Configuration Fullstack Data Flow Server vs. Client Code Execution React Router Progressive Enhancement Pending UI State Management Network Concurrency Management Form vs. fetcher Hot Module Replacement Form Resubmissions File Conventions.client modules .server modules Asset Imports entry.client entry.server root Route File Naming vite.config.ts Route Moduleaction clientAction clientLoader Component ErrorBoundary handle headers HydrateFallback links loader meta shouldRevalidate ComponentsAwait Form Link Links LiveReload Meta NavLink Outlet PrefetchPageLinks Scripts ScrollRestoration HooksuseActionData useAsyncError 🆕useAsyncValue 🆕useBeforeUnload useBlocker useFetcher useFetchers useFormAction useHref useLoaderData useLocation useMatches useNavigate useNavigation useNavigationType useOutlet useOutletContext useParams unstable_usePrompt useResolvedPath useRevalidator 🆕useRouteError 🆕useRouteLoaderData useSearchParams useSubmit useViewTransitionState UtilitiesCookies createRemixStub data defer isRouteErrorResponse json unstable_parseMultipartFormData redirect redirectDocument replace Sessions unstable_createFileUploadHandler unstable_createMemoryUploadHandler StylingCSS Bundling Regular CSS CSS Imports CSS in JS CSS Modules PostCSS Tailwind Vanilla Extract Other API@remix-run/dev CLI 🆕@remix-run/{adapter} @remix-run/serve create-remix (CLI) @remix-run/node @remix-run/testing GuidesAccessibility Development Strategy API Routes Backend For Frontend Breadcrumbs Guide Browser Support Client Data Module Constraints Contributing CSS Files Data Loading Data Writes Dependency optimization Deployment Disabling JavaScript Environment Variables Error Handling FAQs File Uploads Form Validation Gotchas Index Query Param Lazy Route Discovery Local TLS Manual Dev Server MDX Migrating from React Router Not Found Handling Performance Presets Resource Routes Server Bundles Single Fetch SPA Mode Streaming Templates TypeScript Vite Getting StartedQuick Start (5m) Tutorial (30m) Upgrading to v2 Community Future Flags Changelog Discussion TopicsIntroduction, Technical Explanation Runtimes, Adapters, Templates, and Deployment Route Configuration Fullstack Data Flow Server vs. Client Code Execution React Router Progressive Enhancement Pending UI State Management Network Concurrency Management Form vs. fetcher Hot Module Replacement Form Resubmissions File Conventions.client modules .server modules Asset Imports entry.client entry.server root Route File Naming vite.config.ts Route Moduleaction clientAction clientLoader Component ErrorBoundary handle headers HydrateFallback links loader meta shouldRevalidate ComponentsAwait Form Link Links LiveReload Meta NavLink Outlet PrefetchPageLinks Scripts ScrollRestoration HooksuseActionData useAsyncError 🆕useAsyncValue 🆕useBeforeUnload useBlocker useFetcher useFetchers useFormAction useHref useLoaderData useLocation useMatches useNavigate useNavigation useNavigationType useOutlet useOutletContext useParams unstable_usePrompt useResolvedPath useRevalidator 🆕useRouteError 🆕useRouteLoaderData useSearchParams useSubmit useViewTransitionState UtilitiesCookies createRemixStub data defer isRouteErrorResponse json unstable_parseMultipartFormData redirect redirectDocument replace Sessions unstable_createFileUploadHandler unstable_createMemoryUploadHandler StylingCSS Bundling Regular CSS CSS Imports CSS in JS CSS Modules PostCSS Tailwind Vanilla Extract Other API@remix-run/dev CLI 🆕@remix-run/{adapter} @remix-run/serve create-remix (CLI) @remix-run/node @remix-run/testing GuidesAccessibility Development Strategy API Routes Backend For Frontend Breadcrumbs Guide Browser Support Client Data Module Constraints Contributing CSS Files Data Loading Data Writes Dependency optimization Deployment Disabling JavaScript Environment Variables Error Handling FAQs File Uploads Form Validation Gotchas Index Query Param Lazy Route Discovery Local TLS Manual Dev Server MDX Migrating from React Router Not Found Handling Performance Presets Resource Routes Server Bundles Single Fetch SPA Mode Streaming Templates TypeScript Vite On this pageNatural Alignment with Browser BehaviorConcurrent Submissions and RevalidationPotential for Stale DataExampleConclusionOn this pageNatural Alignment with Browser BehaviorConcurrent Submissions and RevalidationPotential for Stale DataExampleConclusionNetwork Concurrency Management When building web applications, managing network requests can be a daunting task. The challenges of ensuring up-to-date data and handling simultaneous requests often lead to complex logic in the application to deal with interruptions and race conditions. Remix simplifies this process by automating network management, mirroring, and expanding the intuitive behavior of web browsers. To help understand how Remix works, remember from Fullstack Data Flow that after form submissions, Remix will fetch fresh data from the loaders. This is called revalidation. Natural Alignment with Browser Behavior Remix's handling of network concurrency is heavily inspired by the default behavior of web browsers when processing documents: Browser Link Navigation: When you click on a link in a browser and then click on another before the page transition completes, the browser prioritizes the most recent action. It cancels the initial request, focusing solely on the latest link clicked. Remix's Approach: Remix manages client-side navigation the same way. When a link is clicked within a Remix application, it initiates fetch requests for each loader tied to the target URL. If another navigation interrupts the initial navigation, Remix cancels the previous fetch requests, ensuring that only the latest requests proceed. Browser Form Submission: If you initiate a form submission in a browser and then quickly submit another form again, the browser disregards the first submission, processing only the latest one. Remix's Approach: Remix mimics this behavior when working with forms. If a form is submitted and another submission occurs before the first completes, Remix cancels the original fetch requests. It then waits for the latest submission to complete before triggering page revalidation again. Concurrent Submissions and Revalidation While standard browsers are limited to one request at a time for navigations and form submissions, Remix elevates this behavior. Unlike navigation, with useFetcher multiple requests can be in flight simultaneously. Remix is designed to handle multiple form submissions to server actions and concurrent revalidation requests efficiently. It ensures that as soon as new data is available, the state is updated promptly. However, Remix also safeguards against potential pitfalls by refraining from committing stale data when other actions introduce race conditions. For instance, if three form submissions are in progress, and one completes, Remix updates the UI with that data immediately without waiting for the other two so that the UI remains responsive and dynamic. As the remaining submissions finalize, Remix continues to update the UI, ensuring that the most recent data is displayed. To help understand some visualizations, below is a key for the symbols used in the diagrams: |: Submission begins ✓: Action complete, data revalidation begins ✅: Revalidated data is committed to the UI ❌: Request cancelled submission 1: |----✓-----✅ submission 2: |-----✓-----✅ submission 3: |-----✓-----✅ However, if a subsequent submission's revalidation completes before an earlier one, Remix discards the earlier data, ensuring that only the most up-to-date information is reflected in the UI. submission 1: |----✓---------❌ submission 2: |-----✓-----✅ submission 3: |-----✓-----✅ Because the revalidation from submission (2) started later and landed earlier than submission (1), the requests from submission (1) are canceled and only the data from submission (2) is committed to the UI. It was requested later, so it's more likely to contain the updated values from both (1) and (2). Potential for Stale Data It's unlikely your users will ever experience this, but there are still chances for the user to see stale data in very rare conditions with inconsistent infrastructure. Even though Remix cancels requests for stale data, they will still end up making it to the server. Cancelling a request in the browser simply releases browser resources for that request, it can't \"catch up\" and stop it from getting to the server. In extremely rare conditions, a canceled request may change data after the interrupting action's revalidation lands. Consider this diagram: 👇 interruption with new submission |----❌----------------------✓ |-------✓-----✅ 👆 initial request reaches the server after the interrupting submission has completed revalidation The user is now looking at different data than what is on the server. Note that this problem is both extremely rare and exists with default browser behavior, too. The chance of the initial request reaching the server later than both the submission and revalidation of the second is unexpected on any network and server infrastructure. If this is a concern in with your infrastructure, you can send time stamps with your form submissions and write server logic to ignore stale submissions. Example In UI components like combo boxes, each keystroke can trigger a network request. Managing such rapid, consecutive requests can be tricky, especially when ensuring that the displayed results match the most recent query. However, with Remix, this challenge is automatically handled, ensuring that users see the correct results without developers having to micromanage the network. import type { LoaderFunctionArgs } from \"@remix-run/node\"; // or cloudflare/deno import { json } from \"@remix-run/node\"; // or cloudflare/deno export async function loader({ request, }: LoaderFunctionArgs) { const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url); const cities = await searchCities(searchParams.get(\"q\")); return json(cities); } export function CitySearchCombobox() { const fetcher = useFetcher\u003ctypeof loader\u003e(); return ( \u003cfetcher.Form action=\"/city-search\"\u003e \u003cCombobox aria-label=\"Cities\"\u003e \u003cComboboxInput name=\"q\" onChange={(event) =\u003e // submit the form onChange to get the list of cities fetcher.submit(event.target.form) } /\u003e {/* render with the loader's data */} {fetcher.data ? ( \u003cComboboxPopover className=\"shadow-popup\"\u003e {fetcher.data.length \u003e 0 ? ( \u003cComboboxList\u003e {fetcher.data.map((city) =\u003e ( \u003cComboboxOption key={city.id} value={city.name} /\u003e ))} \u003c/ComboboxList\u003e ) : ( \u003cspan\u003eNo results found\u003c/span\u003e )} \u003c/ComboboxPopover\u003e ) : null} \u003c/Combobox\u003e \u003c/fetcher.Form\u003e ); } All the application needs to know is how to query the data and how to render it; Remix handles the network. Conclusion Remix offers developers an intuitive, browser-based approach to managing network requests. By mirroring browser behaviors and enhancing them where needed, it simplifies the complexities of concurrency, revalidation, and potential race conditions. Whether you're building a simple webpage or a sophisticated web application, Remix ensures that your user interactions are smooth, reliable, and always up to date.© Shopify, Inc.•Docs and examples licensed under MITEdit((storageKey2, restoreKey) =\u003e { if (!window.history.state || !window.history.state.key) { let key = Math.random().toString(32).slice(2); window.history.replaceState({ key }, \"\"); } try { let positions = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(storageKey2) || \"{}\"); let storedY = positions[restoreKey || window.history.state.key]; if (typeof storedY === \"number\") { window.scrollTo(0, storedY); } } catch (error) { console.error(error); sessionStorage.removeItem(storageKey2); } })(\"react-router-scroll-positions\", null)window.__reactRouterContext = 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Data\\\",\\\"guides/client-data.md\\\",\\\"guides/client-data\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":757,\\\"_22\\\":759,\\\"_24\\\":760,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":761},{\\\"_18\\\":758},\\\"Module Constraints\\\",\\\"guides/constraints.md\\\",\\\"guides/constraints\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":763,\\\"_22\\\":766,\\\"_24\\\":767,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":768},{\\\"_18\\\":764,\\\"_53\\\":765},\\\"Contributing\\\",\\\"Thank you for contributing to Remix! Here's everything you need to know before you open a pull request.\\\",\\\"guides/contributing.md\\\",\\\"guides/contributing\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":770,\\\"_22\\\":772,\\\"_24\\\":773,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":774},{\\\"_18\\\":771},\\\"CSS Files\\\",\\\"guides/css-files.md\\\",\\\"guides/css-files\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":776,\\\"_22\\\":779,\\\"_24\\\":780,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":781},{\\\"_18\\\":777,\\\"_53\\\":778},\\\"Data Loading\\\",\\\"One of the primary features of Remix is simplifying interactions with the server to get data into components. This document will help you get the most out of data loading in Remix.\\\",\\\"guides/data-loading.md\\\",\\\"guides/data-loading\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":783,\\\"_22\\\":785,\\\"_24\\\":786,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":787},{\\\"_18\\\":784},\\\"Data Writes\\\",\\\"guides/data-writes.md\\\",\\\"guides/data-writes\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":789,\\\"_22\\\":791,\\\"_24\\\":792,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":793},{\\\"_18\\\":790},\\\"Dependency optimization\\\",\\\"guides/dependency-optimization.md\\\",\\\"guides/dependency-optimization\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":795,\\\"_22\\\":797,\\\"_24\\\":798,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":799},{\\\"_18\\\":796,\\\"_169\\\":10},\\\"Deployment\\\",\\\"guides/deployment.md\\\",\\\"guides/deployment\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":801,\\\"_22\\\":803,\\\"_24\\\":804,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":805},{\\\"_18\\\":802,\\\"_169\\\":10},\\\"Disabling JavaScript\\\",\\\"guides/disabling-javascript.md\\\",\\\"guides/disabling-javascript\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":807,\\\"_22\\\":809,\\\"_24\\\":810,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":811},{\\\"_18\\\":808},\\\"Environment Variables\\\",\\\"guides/envvars.md\\\",\\\"guides/envvars\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":813,\\\"_22\\\":815,\\\"_24\\\":816,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":817},{\\\"_18\\\":814},\\\"Error Handling\\\",\\\"guides/errors.md\\\",\\\"guides/errors\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":819,\\\"_22\\\":822,\\\"_24\\\":823,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":824},{\\\"_18\\\":820,\\\"_53\\\":821},\\\"FAQs\\\",\\\"Frequently Asked Questions about Remix\\\",\\\"guides/faq.md\\\",\\\"guides/faq\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":826,\\\"_22\\\":828,\\\"_24\\\":829,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":830},{\\\"_18\\\":827},\\\"File Uploads\\\",\\\"guides/file-uploads.md\\\",\\\"guides/file-uploads\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":832,\\\"_22\\\":834,\\\"_24\\\":835,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":836},{\\\"_18\\\":833},\\\"Form Validation\\\",\\\"guides/form-validation.md\\\",\\\"guides/form-validation\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":838,\\\"_22\\\":840,\\\"_24\\\":841,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":842},{\\\"_18\\\":839},\\\"Gotchas\\\",\\\"guides/gotchas.md\\\",\\\"guides/gotchas\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":844,\\\"_22\\\":846,\\\"_24\\\":847,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":848},{\\\"_18\\\":845,\\\"_169\\\":10},\\\"Index Query Param\\\",\\\"guides/index-query-param.md\\\",\\\"guides/index-query-param\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":850,\\\"_22\\\":852,\\\"_24\\\":853,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":854},{\\\"_18\\\":851},\\\"Lazy Route Discovery\\\",\\\"guides/lazy-route-discovery.md\\\",\\\"guides/lazy-route-discovery\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":856,\\\"_22\\\":858,\\\"_24\\\":859,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":860},{\\\"_18\\\":857},\\\"Local TLS\\\",\\\"guides/local-tls.md\\\",\\\"guides/local-tls\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":862,\\\"_22\\\":864,\\\"_24\\\":865,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":866},{\\\"_18\\\":863},\\\"Manual Dev Server\\\",\\\"guides/manual-mode.md\\\",\\\"guides/manual-mode\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":868,\\\"_22\\\":871,\\\"_24\\\":872,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":873},{\\\"_18\\\":869,\\\"_53\\\":870},\\\"MDX\\\",\\\"Remix makes integrating MDX into your project a breeze with built in routes and \\\\\\\"import\\\\\\\" support.\\\",\\\"guides/mdx.md\\\",\\\"guides/mdx\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":875,\\\"_22\\\":878,\\\"_24\\\":879,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":880},{\\\"_18\\\":876,\\\"_53\\\":877},\\\"Migrating from React Router\\\",\\\"Migrating your React Router app to Remix can be done all at once or in stages. This guide will walk you through an iterative approach to get your app running quickly.\\\",\\\"guides/migrating-react-router-app.md\\\",\\\"guides/migrating-react-router-app\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":882,\\\"_22\\\":884,\\\"_24\\\":885,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":886},{\\\"_18\\\":883},\\\"Not Found Handling\\\",\\\"guides/not-found.md\\\",\\\"guides/not-found\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":888,\\\"_22\\\":890,\\\"_24\\\":891,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":892},{\\\"_18\\\":889},\\\"Performance\\\",\\\"guides/performance.md\\\",\\\"guides/performance\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":894,\\\"_22\\\":896,\\\"_24\\\":897,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":898},{\\\"_18\\\":895},\\\"Presets\\\",\\\"guides/presets.md\\\",\\\"guides/presets\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":900,\\\"_22\\\":902,\\\"_24\\\":903,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":904},{\\\"_18\\\":901},\\\"Resource Routes\\\",\\\"guides/resource-routes.md\\\",\\\"guides/resource-routes\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":906,\\\"_22\\\":908,\\\"_24\\\":909,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":910},{\\\"_18\\\":907},\\\"Server Bundles\\\",\\\"guides/server-bundles.md\\\",\\\"guides/server-bundles\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":912,\\\"_22\\\":914,\\\"_24\\\":915,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":916},{\\\"_18\\\":913},\\\"Single Fetch\\\",\\\"guides/single-fetch.md\\\",\\\"guides/single-fetch\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":918,\\\"_22\\\":920,\\\"_24\\\":921,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":922},{\\\"_18\\\":919},\\\"SPA Mode\\\",\\\"guides/spa-mode.md\\\",\\\"guides/spa-mode\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":924,\\\"_22\\\":927,\\\"_24\\\":928,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":929},{\\\"_18\\\":925,\\\"_53\\\":926},\\\"Streaming\\\",\\\"When, why, and how to stream with React 18 and Remix's deferred API.\\\",\\\"guides/streaming.md\\\",\\\"guides/streaming\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":931,\\\"_22\\\":934,\\\"_24\\\":935,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":936},{\\\"_18\\\":932,\\\"_53\\\":933},\\\"Templates\\\",\\\"The quickest way to get rocking and rolling with Remix\\\",\\\"guides/templates.md\\\",\\\"guides/templates\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":938,\\\"_22\\\":940,\\\"_24\\\":941,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":942},{\\\"_18\\\":939,\\\"_169\\\":10},\\\"TypeScript\\\",\\\"guides/typescript.md\\\",\\\"guides/typescript\\\",[],{\\\"_16\\\":944,\\\"_22\\\":946,\\\"_24\\\":947,\\\"_26\\\":34,\\\"_27\\\":948},{\\\"_18\\\":945},\\\"Vite\\\",\\\"guides/vite.md\\\",\\\"guides/vite\\\",[],\\\"routes/docs.$\\\",{\\\"_951\\\":952},\\\"doc\\\",{\\\"_16\\\":953,\\\"_22\\\":954,\\\"_955\\\":956,\\\"_24\\\":957,\\\"_958\\\":959,\\\"_27\\\":977},{\\\"_18\\\":138},\\\"docs/discussion/concurrency.md\\\",\\\"html\\\",\\\"\\u003ch1 id=\\\\\\\"network-concurrency-management\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ca aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" tabindex=\\\\\\\"-1\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"#network-concurrency-management\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"icon icon-link\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003eNetwork Concurrency Management\\u003c/h1\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWhen building web applications, managing network requests can be a daunting task. The challenges of ensuring up-to-date data and handling simultaneous requests often lead to complex logic in the application to deal with interruptions and race conditions. Remix simplifies this process by automating network management, mirroring, and expanding the intuitive behavior of web browsers.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTo help understand how Remix works, remember from \\u003ca href=\\\\\\\"./data-flow\\\\\\\"\\u003eFullstack Data Flow\\u003c/a\\u003e that after \\u003ccode\\u003eform\\u003c/code\\u003e submissions, Remix will fetch fresh data from the loaders. This is called revalidation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003ch2 id=\\\\\\\"natural-alignment-with-browser-behavior\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ca aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" tabindex=\\\\\\\"-1\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"#natural-alignment-with-browser-behavior\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"icon icon-link\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003eNatural Alignment with Browser Behavior\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRemix's handling of network concurrency is heavily inspired by the default behavior of web browsers when processing documents:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eBrowser Link Navigation\\u003c/strong\\u003e: When you click on a link in a browser and then click on another before the page transition completes, the browser prioritizes the most recent \\u003ccode\\u003eaction\\u003c/code\\u003e. It cancels the initial request, focusing solely on the latest link clicked.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eRemix's Approach\\u003c/strong\\u003e: Remix manages client-side navigation the same way. When a link is clicked within a Remix application, it initiates fetch requests for each loader tied to the target URL. If another navigation interrupts the initial navigation, Remix cancels the previous fetch requests, ensuring that only the latest requests proceed.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eBrowser Form Submission\\u003c/strong\\u003e: If you initiate a form submission in a browser and then quickly submit another form again, the browser disregards the first submission, processing only the latest one.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eRemix's Approach\\u003c/strong\\u003e: Remix mimics this behavior when working with forms. If a form is submitted and another submission occurs before the first completes, Remix cancels the original fetch requests. It then waits for the latest submission to complete before triggering page revalidation again.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003ch2 id=\\\\\\\"concurrent-submissions-and-revalidation\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ca aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" tabindex=\\\\\\\"-1\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"#concurrent-submissions-and-revalidation\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"icon icon-link\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003eConcurrent Submissions and Revalidation\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWhile standard browsers are limited to one request at a time for navigations and form submissions, Remix elevates this behavior. Unlike navigation, with \\u003ca href=\\\\\\\"../hooks/use-fetcher\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccode\\u003euseFetcher\\u003c/code\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003e multiple requests can be in flight simultaneously.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRemix is designed to handle multiple form submissions to server \\u003ccode\\u003eaction\\u003c/code\\u003es and concurrent revalidation requests efficiently. It ensures that as soon as new data is available, the state is updated promptly. However, Remix also safeguards against potential pitfalls by refraining from committing stale data when other \\u003ccode\\u003eaction\\u003c/code\\u003es introduce race conditions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFor instance, if three form submissions are in progress, and one completes, Remix updates the UI with that data immediately without waiting for the other two so that the UI remains responsive and dynamic. As the remaining submissions finalize, Remix continues to update the UI, ensuring that the most recent data is displayed.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTo help understand some visualizations, below is a key for the symbols used in the diagrams:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003ccode\\u003e|\\u003c/code\\u003e: Submission begins\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e✓: Action complete, data revalidation begins\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e✅: Revalidated data is committed to the UI\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cli\\u003e❌: Request cancelled\\u003c/li\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cpre\\u003e\\u003ccode class=\\\\\\\"language-text\\\\\\\"\\u003esubmission 1: |----✓-----✅\\\\nsubmission 2: |-----✓-----✅\\\\nsubmission 3: |-----✓-----✅\\\\n\\u003c/code\\u003e\\u003c/pre\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eHowever, if a subsequent submission's revalidation completes before an earlier one, Remix discards the earlier data, ensuring that only the most up-to-date information is reflected in the UI.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cpre\\u003e\\u003ccode class=\\\\\\\"language-text\\\\\\\"\\u003esubmission 1: |----✓---------❌\\\\nsubmission 2: |-----✓-----✅\\\\nsubmission 3: |-----✓-----✅\\\\n\\u003c/code\\u003e\\u003c/pre\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eBecause the revalidation from submission (2) started later and landed earlier than submission (1), the requests from submission (1) are canceled and only the data from submission (2) is committed to the UI. It was requested later, so it's more likely to contain the updated values from both (1) and (2).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003ch2 id=\\\\\\\"potential-for-stale-data\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ca aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" tabindex=\\\\\\\"-1\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"#potential-for-stale-data\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"icon icon-link\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003ePotential for Stale Data\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIt's unlikely your users will ever experience this, but there are still chances for the user to see stale data in very rare conditions with inconsistent infrastructure. Even though Remix cancels requests for stale data, they will still end up making it to the server. Cancelling a request in the browser simply releases browser resources for that request, it can't \\\\\\\"catch up\\\\\\\" and stop it from getting to the server. In extremely rare conditions, a canceled request may change data after the interrupting \\u003ccode\\u003eaction\\u003c/code\\u003e's revalidation lands. Consider this diagram:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cpre\\u003e\\u003ccode class=\\\\\\\"language-text\\\\\\\"\\u003e 👇 interruption with new submission\\\\n|----❌----------------------✓\\\\n |-------✓-----✅\\\\n 👆\\\\n initial request reaches the server\\\\n after the interrupting submission\\\\n has completed revalidation\\\\n\\u003c/code\\u003e\\u003c/pre\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe user is now looking at different data than what is on the server. Note that this problem is both extremely rare and exists with default browser behavior, too. The chance of the initial request reaching the server later than both the submission and revalidation of the second is unexpected on any network and server infrastructure. If this is a concern in with your infrastructure, you can send time stamps with your form submissions and write server logic to ignore stale submissions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003ch2 id=\\\\\\\"example\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ca aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" tabindex=\\\\\\\"-1\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"#example\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"icon icon-link\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003eExample\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn UI components like combo boxes, each keystroke can trigger a network request. Managing such rapid, consecutive requests can be tricky, especially when ensuring that the displayed results match the most recent query. However, with Remix, this challenge is automatically handled, ensuring that users see the correct results without developers having to micromanage the network.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cdiv data-code-block=\\\\\\\"\\\\\\\" data-filename=\\\\\\\"app/routes/city-search.tsx\\\\\\\" data-line-numbers=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" data-lang=\\\\\\\"tsx\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cpre data-filename=\\\\\\\"app/routes/city-search.tsx\\\\\\\" data-line-numbers=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" data-lang=\\\\\\\"tsx\\\\\\\" style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base05);\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccode\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"1\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003eimport\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003etype\\u003c/span\\u003e { \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003eLoaderFunctionArgs\\u003c/span\\u003e } \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003efrom\\u003c/span\\u003e \\\\\\\"\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0B)\\\\\\\"\\u003e@remix-run/node\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\\\\"; \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base03)\\\\\\\"\\u003e// or cloudflare/deno\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"2\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003eimport\\u003c/span\\u003e { \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003ejson\\u003c/span\\u003e } \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003efrom\\u003c/span\\u003e \\\\\\\"\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0B)\\\\\\\"\\u003e@remix-run/node\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\\\\"; \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base03)\\\\\\\"\\u003e// or cloudflare/deno\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"3\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"4\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003eexport\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003easync\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003efunction\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003eloader\\u003c/span\\u003e({\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"5\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003erequest\\u003c/span\\u003e,\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"6\\\\\\\"\\u003e}\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e:\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003eLoaderFunctionArgs\\u003c/span\\u003e) {\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"7\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003econst\\u003c/span\\u003e { \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003esearchParams\\u003c/span\\u003e } \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e=\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003enew\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003eURL\\u003c/span\\u003e(\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003erequest\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003eurl\\u003c/span\\u003e);\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"8\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003econst\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003ecities\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e=\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003eawait\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003esearchCities\\u003c/span\\u003e(\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003esearchParams\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003eget\\u003c/span\\u003e(\\\\\\\"\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0B)\\\\\\\"\\u003eq\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\\\\"));\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"9\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003ereturn\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003ejson\\u003c/span\\u003e(\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003ecities\\u003c/span\\u003e);\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"10\\\\\\\"\\u003e}\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"11\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"12\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003eexport\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003efunction\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003eCitySearchCombobox\\u003c/span\\u003e() {\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"13\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003econst\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003efetcher\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e=\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003euseFetcher\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026#x3C;\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003etypeof\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003eloader\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003e();\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"14\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"15\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003ereturn\\u003c/span\\u003e (\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"16\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u0026#x3C;\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003efetcher.Form\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003eaction\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan 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var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003e=\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e (\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"32\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u0026#x3C;\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003eComboboxOption\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"33\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0D)\\\\\\\"\\u003ekey\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e=\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0F)\\\\\\\"\\u003e{\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003ecity\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003eid\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0F)\\\\\\\"\\u003e}\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" 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\\u0026#x3C;/\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003eComboboxList\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"38\\\\\\\"\\u003e ) \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e:\\u003c/span\\u003e (\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"39\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u0026#x3C;\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003espan\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003eNo results found\\u0026#x3C;/\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base08)\\\\\\\"\\u003espan\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"40\\\\\\\"\\u003e )\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0F)\\\\\\\"\\u003e}\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"41\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u0026#x3C;/\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003eComboboxPopover\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"42\\\\\\\"\\u003e ) \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0E)\\\\\\\"\\u003e:\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base09)\\\\\\\"\\u003enull\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0F)\\\\\\\"\\u003e}\\u003c/span\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"43\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u0026#x3C;/\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003eCombobox\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"44\\\\\\\"\\u003e \\u0026#x3C;/\\u003cspan style=\\\\\\\"color: var(--base0A)\\\\\\\"\\u003efetcher.Form\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003e\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"45\\\\\\\"\\u003e );\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"codeblock-line\\\\\\\" data-line-number=\\\\\\\"46\\\\\\\"\\u003e}\\\\n\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/code\\u003e\\u003c/pre\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAll the application needs to know is how to query the data and how to render it; Remix handles the network.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\\n\\u003ch2 id=\\\\\\\"conclusion\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003ca aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\" tabindex=\\\\\\\"-1\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"#conclusion\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\\\\\"icon icon-link\\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/a\\u003eConclusion\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRemix offers developers an intuitive, browser-based approach to managing network requests. By mirroring browser behaviors and enhancing them where needed, it simplifies the complexities of concurrency, revalidation, and potential race conditions. Whether you're building a simple webpage or a sophisticated web application, Remix ensures that your user interactions are smooth, reliable, and always up to date.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\\",\\\"docs/discussion/concurrency\\\",\\\"headings\\\",[960,965,968,971,974],{\\\"_961\\\":962,\\\"_955\\\":963,\\\"_24\\\":964},\\\"headingLevel\\\",\\\"h2\\\",\\\"Natural Alignment with Browser Behavior\\\",\\\"natural-alignment-with-browser-behavior\\\",{\\\"_961\\\":962,\\\"_955\\\":966,\\\"_24\\\":967},\\\"Concurrent Submissions and Revalidation\\\",\\\"concurrent-submissions-and-revalidation\\\",{\\\"_961\\\":962,\\\"_955\\\":969,\\\"_24\\\":970},\\\"Potential for Stale Data\\\",\\\"potential-for-stale-data\\\",{\\\"_961\\\":962,\\\"_955\\\":972,\\\"_24\\\":973},\\\"Example\\\",\\\"example\\\",{\\\"_961\\\":962,\\\"_955\\\":975,\\\"_24\\\":976},\\\"Conclusion\\\",\\\"conclusion\\\",[],\\\"actionData\\\",\\\"errors\\\"]\\n\");function $RC(a,b){a=document.getElementById(a);b=document.getElementById(b);b.parentNode.removeChild(b);if(a){a=a.previousSibling;var f=a.parentNode,c=a.nextSibling,e=0;do{if(c\u0026\u00268===c.nodeType){var d=c.data;if(\"/$\"===d)if(0===e)break;else e--;else\"$\"!==d\u0026\u0026\"$?\"!==d\u0026\u0026\"$!\"!==d||e++}d=c.nextSibling;f.removeChild(c);c=d}while(c);for(;b.firstChild;)f.insertBefore(b.firstChild,c);a.data=\"$\";a._reactRetry\u0026\u0026a._reactRetry()}};$RC(\"B:0\",\"S:0\")window.__reactRouterContext.streamController.close();$RC(\"B:1\",\"S:1\")",
"url": "https://v2.remix.run/docs/discussion/concurrency",
"metadata": {
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"headings": [
"Network Concurrency Management",
"Natural Alignment with Browser Behavior",
"Concurrent Submissions and Revalidation",
"Potential for Stale Data",
"Example",
"Conclusion"
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"timestamp": "2026-02-23T11:36:17.627249524+01:00"
}
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink