feat(preview): real preview environments — clone, deploy, TTL, promote (#67)

Preview environments were bookkeeping only: a fabricated deployment row
marked "running" and a fake *.preview.containr.local URL. Now a preview
is a real service clone — full config copy (source, env, volumes, access),
git_branch pinned to the requested branch, its own preview hostname under
the clone's node default domain, and a real deployment through the queue.

- cloneServiceRow extracted from handleCloneService for reuse
- preview_environments.preview_service_id links to the clone
- minute sweeper: expires past-TTL previews (removes clone runtime + row)
  and syncs preview status from the clone's live service status
- delete/cleanup paths tear the clone down, not just the row
- promote redeploys the SOURCE service at the preview branch and retires
  the clone — a real deployment, not a pending stub

Verified live: create → clone → deploy → running container; TTL expiry →
clone + container gone; promote → real deploy on the source, preview
stopped. Unit test covers the DNS-safe clone naming.

Generated with [Devin](https://devin.ai)

Co-authored-by: Devin <158243242+devin-ai-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

ROADMAP2.md

@@ -226,7 +226,11 @@ goroutines; this fixes correctness *and* unlocks the ops surface.
   {target_node_id}`: dump → stream transfer → provision → restore →
   re-point bound services. Deferred until Phase F lands real second
   nodes — nothing to migrate between today.
-- [ ] **Backup import** — upload archive → new restore point (pairs with
+- [x] **Backup import** — `POST /databases/:id/backups/import` accepts a
+  `.tar.gz` (multipart `file` or raw body, 2 GiB cap, gzip-magic
+  validated), stores it in the backups volume via a holder container,
+  registers a completed restore point, and ships offsite when a backup
+  target is configured. `api/backuptargets.go`. (pairs with
   migrators).
 
 ## 6. Phase E — Templates v2 (absorbs compose-catalog spec + dflow graph templates)
@@ -354,8 +358,12 @@ and wired refs, one click or one CLI call.
 - [ ] **IaC provisioning (ROADMAP §2.2, unchanged)** — Terraform/
   OpenTofu, `infra_connections`, Proxmox + AWS modules, + Hetzner module
   (dflow's second provider), cloud-init → auto-enroll.
-- [ ] **Global/wildcard domain per node** (`nodes.default_domain`) —
-  auto-domains for services on that node.
+- [x] **Global/wildcard domain per node** (`node_agents.default_domain`) —
+  `PUT /agents/:id {default_domain}`; domainless services placed on the
+  node get `<name>.<default_domain>` (pinned → node's base; spread →
+  union of eligible nodes). `serviceDomainNames` resolves them so
+  routing, wake placeholders, and `public_url` all pick them up.
+  CLI `nodes update --domain`, MCP arg, node-detail editor.
 
 ## 8. Phase G — Platform polish
 
@@ -509,10 +517,12 @@ and wired refs, one click or one CLI call.
 
 ## 10. Carried-over debt (ROADMAP.md items still open)
 
-- [ ] **Gateway traffic path** — mount `/g/:slug/*` → key → rate-limit →
-  `gateway/proxy.go` → metrics. Management API exists; proxy unwired.
-- [ ] **Preview environments runtime** — real build+deploy+subdomain+TTL
-  (bookkeeping only now). Pairs with clone + multi-domain.
+- [x] **Gateway traffic path** — `/g/:slug/*` mounted → api_key auth →
+  rpm + monthly quota → `gateway/proxy.go` → usage_counters /
+  metrics_timeseries / incident_events.
+- [x] **Preview environments runtime** — previews are real service clones:
+  branch override, queued deployment, node-domain hostnames, TTL sweeper,
+  promote = redeploy of the source at the preview branch.
 - [ ] **Environments** — env switcher, per-env vars/domains, promote.
 - [ ] **sqlc port** — ~140 raw `database/sql` sites → `sqlc/queries/`.
 - [ ] **Tests** — canvas/wizard frontend coverage, deployment/template/

app/backend/internal/api/agents.go

@@ -30,21 +30,24 @@ import (
 
 // NodeAgent represents a container orchestration agent
 type NodeAgent struct {
-	ID            string                 `json:"id"`
-	Name          string                 `json:"name"`
-	Hostname      string                 `json:"hostname"`
-	IPAddress     string                 `json:"ip_address"`
-	Port          int                    `json:"port"`
-	Status        string                 `json:"status"`
-	Version       string                 `json:"version"`
-	Capabilities  AgentCapabilities      `json:"capabilities"`
-	Resources     NodeResources          `json:"resources"`
-	LastHeartbeat time.Time              `json:"last_heartbeat"`
-	AutoPrune     bool                   `json:"auto_prune"`
-	Schedulable   bool                   `json:"schedulable"`
+	ID            string            `json:"id"`
+	Name          string            `json:"name"`
+	Hostname      string            `json:"hostname"`
+	IPAddress     string            `json:"ip_address"`
+	Port          int               `json:"port"`
+	Status        string            `json:"status"`
+	Version       string            `json:"version"`
+	Capabilities  AgentCapabilities `json:"capabilities"`
+	Resources     NodeResources     `json:"resources"`
+	LastHeartbeat time.Time         `json:"last_heartbeat"`
+	AutoPrune     bool              `json:"auto_prune"`
+	Schedulable   bool              `json:"schedulable"`
 	// Tags are operator-set placement labels; services with placement_tags
 	// only schedule onto agents carrying every required tag.
-	Tags          []string               `json:"tags"`
+	Tags []string `json:"tags"`
+	// DefaultDomain is this node's base domain — services placed here with
+	// no explicit domains get <name>.<default_domain> automatically.
+	DefaultDomain string                 `json:"default_domain"`
 	CreatedAt     time.Time              `json:"created_at"`
 	UpdatedAt     time.Time              `json:"updated_at"`
 	Metadata      map[string]interface{} `json:"metadata"`
@@ -272,17 +275,18 @@ func (h *NodeAgentHandler) ListNodeOptions(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func agentFromRow(row sqlcdb.NodeAgent) NodeAgent {
 	agent := NodeAgent{
-		ID:          row.ID,
-		Name:        row.Name,
-		Hostname:    row.Hostname,
-		IPAddress:   row.IpAddress,
-		Port:        int(row.Port),
-		Status:      row.Status.String,
-		Version:     row.Version.String,
-		AutoPrune:   row.AutoPrune,
-		Schedulable: row.Schedulable,
-		Tags:        []string{},
-		Metadata:    map[string]interface{}{},
+		ID:            row.ID,
+		Name:          row.Name,
+		Hostname:      row.Hostname,
+		IPAddress:     row.IpAddress,
+		Port:          int(row.Port),
+		Status:        row.Status.String,
+		Version:       row.Version.String,
+		AutoPrune:     row.AutoPrune,
+		Schedulable:   row.Schedulable,
+		Tags:          []string{},
+		DefaultDomain: row.DefaultDomain,
+		Metadata:      map[string]interface{}{},
 	}
 	if row.LastHeartbeat.Valid {
 		agent.LastHeartbeat = row.LastHeartbeat.Time
@@ -572,6 +576,18 @@ func (h *NodeAgentHandler) UpdateAgent(c *gin.Context) {
 	// Tags persist through their own column write — UpdateAgent keeps the
 	// register-path signature untouched.
 	resp := agentFromRow(updated)
+	if raw, ok := updates["default_domain"]; ok {
+		domain := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%v", raw)))
+		if domain != "" && !validHostname(domain) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "default_domain must be a valid hostname", "code": "VALIDATION"})
+			return
+		}
+		if err := h.q.SetAgentDefaultDomain(ctx, sqlcdb.SetAgentDefaultDomainParams{ID: id, DefaultDomain: domain}); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to update default domain"})
+			return
+		}
+		resp.DefaultDomain = domain
+	}
 	if raw, ok := updates["tags"]; ok {
 		var tags []string
 		if b, mErr := json.Marshal(raw); mErr == nil {

app/backend/internal/api/domains.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package api
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"containr/internal/database"
+	"containr/internal/database/sqlcdb"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -68,6 +70,72 @@ func serviceDomainNames(db *database.DB, serviceID uuid.UUID, fallback string) [
 	if len(out) == 0 && fallback != "" {
 		out = []string{fallback}
 	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		out = serviceAutoDomains(db, serviceID)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// dnsLabel normalizes a service name into a DNS label: lowercase alnum
+// plus single dashes, never leading/trailing, ≤63 chars.
+func dnsLabel(name string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	lastWasSep := false
+	for _, r := range strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(name)) {
+		if (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= '0' && r <= '9') {
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+			lastWasSep = false
+			continue
+		}
+		if !lastWasSep && b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('-')
+			lastWasSep = true
+		}
+	}
+	out := strings.Trim(b.String(), "-")
+	if len(out) > 63 {
+		out = strings.Trim(out[:63], "-")
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// serviceAutoDomains generates <service>.<node-default-domain> hostnames
+// for services with no explicit domains. Pinned services take their node's
+// base domain; spread services union every eligible node's base domain.
+// Local services get nothing — there is no instance-level base domain yet.
+func serviceAutoDomains(db *database.DB, serviceID uuid.UUID) []string {
+	var name string
+	var nodeID sql.NullString
+	var spread bool
+	if err := db.QueryRow(
+		`SELECT name, node_id, COALESCE(spread, false) FROM services WHERE id = $1`, serviceID,
+	).Scan(&name, &nodeID, &spread); err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	label := dnsLabel(name)
+	if label == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var bases []string
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	q := sqlcdb.New(db.DB)
+	switch {
+	case nodeID.Valid && nodeID.String != "":
+		if a, err := q.GetAgent(ctx, nodeID.String); err == nil && a.DefaultDomain != "" {
+			bases = []string{a.DefaultDomain}
+		}
+	case spread:
+		var err error
+		bases, err = q.ListSchedulableAgentDomains(ctx, json.RawMessage(tagsJSON(servicePlacementTags(db, serviceID))))
+		if err != nil {
+			bases = nil
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(bases))
+	for _, base := range bases {
+		out = append(out, label+"."+base)
+	}
 	return out
 }
 

app/backend/internal/api/domains_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package api
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDNSLabel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"my-app":        "my-app",
+		"My App_2":      "my-app-2",
+		"  web  ":       "web",
+		"__weird__name": "weird-name",
+		"---":           "",
+		"":              "",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := dnsLabel(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("dnsLabel(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDNSLabelLengthCap(t *testing.T) {
+	long := "a" + string(make([]byte, 0)) + "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+	if got := dnsLabel(long); len(got) > 63 {
+		t.Fatalf("label over 63 chars: %d", len(got))
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/api/gateway_proxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+package api
+
+// Data plane for the public API gateway: /g/:slug/* proxies to the
+// upstream_url of the matching api_services row. Callers authenticate with
+// api_keys (X-API-Key or Authorization: Bearer), pass the rpm + monthly
+// quota gates, and every request lands in usage_counters /
+// metrics_timeseries / incident_events for the /admin/gateway analytics
+// surfaces.
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"containr/internal/database"
+	"containr/internal/gateway"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+)
+
+// jarvis: ceiling — a single shared transport; per-request timeouts come
+// from api_services.request_timeout_ms on the request context.
+var gatewayHTTPClient = &http.Client{
+	Transport: &http.Transport{
+		MaxIdleConns:        100,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
+		IdleConnTimeout:     90 * time.Second,
+	},
+}
+
+// gatewayRPM is a process-local per-minute counter map. Containr runs a
+// single API process, so an in-memory bucket is sufficient — a multi-node
+// control plane would need a Redis-backed limiter instead.
+var gatewayRPM = struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	buckets map[string]*rpmBucket
+}{buckets: map[string]*rpmBucket{}}
+
+type rpmBucket struct {
+	window time.Time
+	count  int
+}
+
+// gatewayRateAllow returns false when the bucket for the current minute has
+// already reached limit. A limit <= 0 disables the check. `now` is injected
+// so tests can freeze the window.
+func gatewayRateAllow(bucketKey string, limit int, now time.Time) bool {
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	window := now.Truncate(time.Minute)
+	gatewayRPM.Lock()
+	defer gatewayRPM.Unlock()
+	b := gatewayRPM.buckets[bucketKey]
+	if b == nil || !b.window.Equal(window) {
+		b = &rpmBucket{window: window}
+		gatewayRPM.buckets[bucketKey] = b
+		// Best-effort sweep so the map cannot grow without bound.
+		for k, old := range gatewayRPM.buckets {
+			if old.window.Before(window.Add(-time.Minute)) {
+				delete(gatewayRPM.buckets, k)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	b.count++
+	return b.count <= limit
+}
+
+type gatewayService struct {
+	ID                 string
+	UpstreamURL        string
+	RoutePrefix        string
+	UpstreamAuthHeader sql.NullString
+	UpstreamAuthValue  sql.NullString
+	Enabled            bool
+	RPMLimit           sql.NullInt64
+	MonthlyQuota       sql.NullInt64
+	RequestTimeoutMS   int
+}
+
+type gatewayKey struct {
+	ID                string
+	Hash              string
+	Enabled           bool
+	RPMLimit          sql.NullInt64
+	MonthlyQuota      sql.NullInt64
+	AllowedServiceIDs string
+}
+
+// extractGatewayKey reads the caller's API key from X-API-Key first, then
+// Authorization: Bearer.
+func extractGatewayKey(c *gin.Context) string {
+	if k := strings.TrimSpace(c.GetHeader("X-API-Key")); k != "" {
+		return k
+	}
+	auth := strings.TrimSpace(c.GetHeader("Authorization"))
+	if len(auth) > 7 && strings.EqualFold(auth[:7], "Bearer ") {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(auth[7:])
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// lookupGatewayService resolves the slug to an enabled service row.
+func lookupGatewayService(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, slug string) (*gatewayService, error) {
+	var s gatewayService
+	var enabled int
+	err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT id, upstream_url, route_prefix, upstream_auth_header,
+		       upstream_auth_value, enabled, rpm_limit, monthly_quota,
+		       request_timeout_ms
+		FROM api_services WHERE slug = $1
+	`, slug).Scan(&s.ID, &s.UpstreamURL, &s.RoutePrefix,
+		&s.UpstreamAuthHeader, &s.UpstreamAuthValue, &enabled,
+		&s.RPMLimit, &s.MonthlyQuota, &s.RequestTimeoutMS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	s.Enabled = enabled != 0
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+// authenticateGatewayKey resolves a presented key by its indexed prefix and
+// bcrypt-verifies candidates. Returns nil when nothing matches.
+func authenticateGatewayKey(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, presented string) (*gatewayKey, error) {
+	prefix := presented
+	if len(prefix) > 8 {
+		prefix = prefix[:8]
+	}
+	rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT id, key_hash, enabled, rpm_limit, monthly_quota, allowed_service_ids
+		FROM api_keys WHERE key_prefix = $1
+	`, prefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var k gatewayKey
+		var enabled int
+		if err := rows.Scan(&k.ID, &k.Hash, &enabled, &k.RPMLimit, &k.MonthlyQuota, &k.AllowedServiceIDs); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		k.Enabled = enabled != 0
+		if bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(k.Hash), []byte(presented)) == nil {
+			return &k, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// keyAllowsService applies the allowed_service_ids JSON allowlist. An empty
+// list means the key may call every service.
+func keyAllowsService(k *gatewayKey, serviceID string) bool {
+	var allowed []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(k.AllowedServiceIDs), &allowed); err != nil || len(allowed) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, id := range allowed {
+		if id == serviceID {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// monthlyUsage sums a counter dimension for the current calendar month.
+func monthlyUsage(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, column, id, period string) (int, error) {
+	var total int
+	err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT COALESCE(SUM(request_count), 0) FROM usage_counters
+		WHERE `+column+` = $1 AND period_month = $2
+	`, id, period).Scan(&total)
+	return total, err
+}
+
+// recordGatewayRequest persists usage, metrics, and failure incidents for a
+// proxied call. Runs in the request path but is three small writes.
+func recordGatewayRequest(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, svc *gatewayService, k *gatewayKey, status int, period string) {
+	_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO usage_counters (api_key_id, service_id, period_month, request_count, updated_at)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, 1, NOW())
+		ON CONFLICT (api_key_id, service_id, period_month)
+		DO UPDATE SET request_count = usage_counters.request_count + 1, updated_at = NOW()
+	`, k.ID, svc.ID, period)
+	_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE api_keys SET last_used_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1
+	`, k.ID)
+	labels, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
+		"service_id": svc.ID,
+		"key_id":     k.ID,
+		"status":     status,
+	})
+	_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO metrics_timeseries (metric, value, labels_json, occurred_at)
+		VALUES ('gateway_request', 1, $1, NOW())
+	`, string(labels))
+}
+
+func recordGatewayIncident(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, svcID string, keyID *string, code, msg, severity string, status int) {
+	var kid interface{}
+	if keyID != nil {
+		kid = *keyID
+	}
+	_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO incident_events (service_id, api_key_id, code, message, severity, http_status, occurred_at)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, NOW())
+	`, svcID, kid, code, msg, severity, status)
+}
+
+// handleGatewayProxy is mounted at /g/:slug and /g/:slug/*path on the root
+// router — outside /api/v1 so route_prefix stays clean.
+func handleGatewayProxy(c *gin.Context) {
+	db := c.MustGet("db").(*database.DB)
+	ctx := c.Request.Context()
+	slug := c.Param("slug")
+
+	svc, err := lookupGatewayService(ctx, db, slug)
+	if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+		respondError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "SERVICE_NOT_FOUND", "Gateway service not found")
+		return
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		respondError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "INTERNAL_ERROR", "Failed to resolve gateway service")
+		return
+	}
+	if !svc.Enabled {
+		respondError(c, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "SERVICE_DISABLED", "Gateway service is disabled")
+		return
+	}
+
+	presented := extractGatewayKey(c)
+	if presented == "" {
+		recordGatewayIncident(ctx, db, svc.ID, nil, "MISSING_API_KEY", "Request without API key", "low", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		respondError(c, http.StatusUnauthorized, "API_KEY_REQUIRED", "An API key is required for this service")
+		return
+	}
+	key, err := authenticateGatewayKey(ctx, db, presented)
+	if err != nil {
+		respondError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "INTERNAL_ERROR", "Failed to authenticate API key")
+		return
+	}
+	// Disabled and unknown keys collapse to the same 401 — a disabled key
+	// must not leak its existence.
+	if key == nil || !key.Enabled {
+		recordGatewayIncident(ctx, db, svc.ID, nil, "INVALID_API_KEY", "Request with invalid or disabled API key", "low", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		respondError(c, http.StatusUnauthorized, "INVALID_API_KEY", "Invalid API key")
+		return
+	}
+	if !keyAllowsService(key, svc.ID) {
+		recordGatewayIncident(ctx, db, svc.ID, &key.ID, "KEY_SCOPE_DENIED", "API key not allowed on this service", "medium", http.StatusForbidden)
+		respondError(c, http.StatusForbidden, "KEY_SCOPE_DENIED", "API key is not permitted for this service")
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	if !gatewayRateAllow("key:"+key.ID, int(key.RPMLimit.Int64), now) ||
+		!gatewayRateAllow("svc:"+svc.ID, int(svc.RPMLimit.Int64), now) {
+		recordGatewayIncident(ctx, db, svc.ID, &key.ID, "RATE_LIMITED", "Per-minute rate limit exceeded", "medium", http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+		respondError(c, http.StatusTooManyRequests, "RATE_LIMITED", "Rate limit exceeded")
+		return
+	}
+
+	period := now.Format("2006-01")
+	if key.MonthlyQuota.Valid && key.MonthlyQuota.Int64 > 0 {
+		if used, err := monthlyUsage(ctx, db, "api_key_id", key.ID, period); err == nil && int64(used) >= key.MonthlyQuota.Int64 {
+			respondError(c, http.StatusTooManyRequests, "QUOTA_EXCEEDED", "Monthly request quota exceeded")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	if svc.MonthlyQuota.Valid && svc.MonthlyQuota.Int64 > 0 {
+		if used, err := monthlyUsage(ctx, db, "service_id", svc.ID, period); err == nil && int64(used) >= svc.MonthlyQuota.Int64 {
+			respondError(c, http.StatusTooManyRequests, "QUOTA_EXCEEDED", "Service monthly quota exceeded")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	target, err := gateway.BuildTargetURL(svc.UpstreamURL, svc.RoutePrefix, c.Request.URL.Path, c.Request.URL.RawQuery)
+	if err != nil {
+		respondError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "UPSTREAM_URL_INVALID", "Gateway upstream is misconfigured")
+		return
+	}
+	headers := map[string]string{}
+	if svc.UpstreamAuthHeader.Valid && svc.UpstreamAuthHeader.String != "" {
+		headers[svc.UpstreamAuthHeader.String] = svc.UpstreamAuthValue.String
+	}
+
+	timeout := time.Duration(svc.RequestTimeoutMS) * time.Millisecond
+	if timeout <= 0 {
+		timeout = 8 * time.Second
+	}
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	status, _, err := gateway.ProxyRequest(gatewayHTTPClient, c.Writer, c.Request.WithContext(reqCtx), target, headers)
+	if err != nil {
+		recordGatewayIncident(reqCtx, db, svc.ID, &key.ID, "UPSTREAM_ERROR", err.Error(), "high", http.StatusBadGateway)
+		recordGatewayRequest(ctx, db, svc, key, http.StatusBadGateway, period)
+		respondError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "UPSTREAM_ERROR", "Upstream request failed")
+		return
+	}
+
+	recordGatewayRequest(ctx, db, svc, key, status, period)
+	if status >= 500 {
+		recordGatewayIncident(ctx, db, svc.ID, &key.ID, "UPSTREAM_5XX", "Upstream returned "+http.StatusText(status), "high", status)
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/api/gateway_proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestGatewayRateAllow(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 10, 15, 12, 0, 30, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		if !gatewayRateAllow("test:a", 3, now) {
+			t.Fatalf("call %d within limit rejected", i+1)
+		}
+	}
+	if gatewayRateAllow("test:a", 3, now) {
+		t.Fatal("call beyond limit allowed")
+	}
+	if !gatewayRateAllow("test:a", 3, now.Add(time.Minute)) {
+		t.Fatal("new minute window still rejected")
+	}
+	if !gatewayRateAllow("test:unlimited", 0, now) {
+		t.Fatal("non-positive limit should disable the check")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractGatewayKey(t *testing.T) {
+	mkctx := func(headers map[string]string) *gin.Context {
+		c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+		c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/g/x", nil)
+		for k, v := range headers {
+			c.Request.Header.Set(k, v)
+		}
+		return c
+	}
+
+	if got := extractGatewayKey(mkctx(map[string]string{"X-API-Key": "ap_abc"})); got != "ap_abc" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-API-Key not extracted: %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := extractGatewayKey(mkctx(map[string]string{"Authorization": "Bearer ap_def"})); got != "ap_def" {
+		t.Fatalf("Bearer not extracted: %q", got)
+	}
+	// X-API-Key wins when both are present.
+	if got := extractGatewayKey(mkctx(map[string]string{
+		"X-API-Key":     "ap_first",
+		"Authorization": "Bearer ap_second",
+	})); got != "ap_first" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-API-Key should take precedence: %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := extractGatewayKey(mkctx(map[string]string{})); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty key, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKeyAllowsService(t *testing.T) {
+	svcID := "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555"
+	other := "aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee"
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		allowed string
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{"empty list permits all", "[]", true},
+		{"blank permits all", "", true},
+		{"invalid json permits all", "not-json", true},
+		{"listed service allowed", `["` + svcID + `"]`, true},
+		{"unlisted service denied", `["` + other + `"]`, false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &gatewayKey{AllowedServiceIDs: tc.allowed}
+			if got := keyAllowsService(k, svcID); got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("keyAllowsService(%q) = %v, want %v", tc.allowed, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/api/preview_environments.go

@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"containr/internal/database"
+	"containr/internal/database/sqlcdb"
+	"containr/internal/deployment"
+	"containr/internal/deployqueue"
+	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -26,6 +31,10 @@ type PreviewEnvironment struct {
 	CreatedAt   time.Time  `json:"created_at" db:"created_at"`
 	UpdatedAt   time.Time  `json:"updated_at" db:"updated_at"`
 
+	// PreviewServiceID is the cloned service this preview actually deploys;
+	// its status is the source of truth while the preview is active.
+	PreviewServiceID *uuid.UUID `json:"preview_service_id,omitempty" db:"preview_service_id"`
+
 	// Related data
 	Service      *Service   `json:"service,omitempty"`
 	DeploymentID *uuid.UUID `json:"deployment_id,omitempty"`
@@ -78,12 +87,12 @@ func handleGetPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	// Get preview environments for the project with service info
 	rows, err := db.(*database.DB).Query(
-		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.pr_number, 
+		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.preview_service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.pr_number,
 				pe.environment, pe.status, pe.url, pe.expires_at, pe.created_at, pe.updated_at,
 				s.id as service_id, s.name as service_name, s.type as service_type
 			FROM preview_environments pe
 			LEFT JOIN services s ON pe.service_id = s.id
-			WHERE pe.project_id = $1 
+			WHERE pe.project_id = $1
 			ORDER BY pe.created_at DESC`,
 		projectID,
 	)
@@ -101,7 +110,7 @@ func handleGetPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 		var serviceType sql.NullString
 
 		err := rows.Scan(
-			&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.PRNumber,
+			&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.PreviewServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.PRNumber,
 			&env.Environment, &env.Status, &env.URL, &env.ExpiresAt, &env.CreatedAt, &env.UpdatedAt,
 			&serviceID, &serviceName, &serviceType,
 		)
@@ -215,87 +224,111 @@ func handleCreatePreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 		ttlHours = 24 // Default 24 hours
 	}
 
-	// Create preview environment
+	// A preview is a real service: clone the source, pin it to the
+	// requested branch, swap its domains for a preview hostname, and run a
+	// normal deployment through the queue. Expiry sweeps the clone away.
+	envName := generatePreviewEnvironmentName(req.BranchName)
+	cloneName := previewServiceName(service.Name, req.BranchName)
+	cloneID, err := cloneServiceRow(db.(*database.DB), req.ServiceID, req.ProjectID, cloneName, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to clone service for preview"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// The clone's branch override is what makes it a preview — everything
+	// else (env vars, volumes, builder, resources) stays identical.
+	if _, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+		`UPDATE services SET git_branch = $1, domain = '', updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $2`,
+		req.BranchName, cloneID,
+	); err != nil {
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, cloneID)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to configure preview service"})
+		return
+	}
+	// Cloned service_domains would collide with the parent's Traefik
+	// router — previews get their own hostname or none.
+	if _, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+		`DELETE FROM service_domains WHERE service_id = $1`, cloneID,
+	); err != nil {
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, cloneID)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to configure preview domains"})
+		return
+	}
+	previewHost := resolvePreviewHost(db.(*database.DB), cloneID, envName)
+	if previewHost != "" {
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+			`INSERT INTO service_domains (service_id, domain, is_default, cert_type) VALUES ($1, $2, true, 'tls')`,
+			cloneID, previewHost,
+		)
+	}
+
+	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(ttlHours) * time.Hour)
 	env := PreviewEnvironment{
 		ID:          uuid.New(),
 		ProjectID:   req.ProjectID,
 		ServiceID:   req.ServiceID,
 		BranchName:  req.BranchName,
 		PRNumber:    req.PRNumber,
-		Environment: generatePreviewEnvironmentName(req.BranchName),
+		Environment: envName,
 		Status:      "building",
-		ExpiresAt:   &[]time.Time{time.Now().Add(time.Duration(ttlHours) * time.Hour)}[0],
+		ExpiresAt:   &expiresAt,
 		CreatedAt:   time.Now(),
 		UpdatedAt:   time.Now(),
 	}
+	if previewHost != "" {
+		env.URL = "https://" + previewHost
+	}
 
-	// Insert preview environment into database
 	_, err = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
-		`INSERT INTO preview_environments 
-			(id, project_id, service_id, branch_name, pr_number, environment, 
+		`INSERT INTO preview_environments
+			(id, project_id, service_id, preview_service_id, branch_name, pr_number, environment,
 			 status, url, expires_at, created_at, updated_at)
-			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11)`,
-		env.ID, env.ProjectID, env.ServiceID, env.BranchName, env.PRNumber,
+			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12)`,
+		env.ID, env.ProjectID, env.ServiceID, cloneID, env.BranchName, env.PRNumber,
 		env.Environment, env.Status, env.URL, env.ExpiresAt, env.CreatedAt, env.UpdatedAt,
 	)
-
 	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, cloneID)
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to create preview environment"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	deploymentID := uuid.New()
-	sanitizedBranch := strings.ReplaceAll(req.BranchName, "/", "-")
-	sanitizedBranch = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitizedBranch, "_", "-")
-	version := fmt.Sprintf("preview-%s-%d", sanitizedBranch, time.Now().Unix())
-	startedAt := time.Now().UTC()
-	completedAt := startedAt
-
-	_, deployErr := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+	_, err = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
 		`INSERT INTO deployments
-			(id, service_id, version, commit_hash, status, started_at, completed_at, deployment_log, created_at, updated_at)
-		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, NOW(), NOW())`,
-		deploymentID,
-		req.ServiceID,
-		version,
-		req.BranchName,
-		"running",
-		startedAt,
-		completedAt,
-		fmt.Sprintf("Preview environment %s activated for branch %s", env.Environment, req.BranchName),
+			(id, service_id, version, commit_hash, status, created_at, updated_at)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, 'pending', NOW(), NOW())`,
+		deploymentID, cloneID, "preview-"+env.Environment, req.BranchName,
 	)
-	if deployErr != nil {
-		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
-			`UPDATE preview_environments
-			 SET status = 'failed', updated_at = NOW()
-			 WHERE id = $1`,
-			env.ID,
-		)
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM preview_environments WHERE id = $1`, env.ID)
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, cloneID)
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to provision preview deployment"})
 		return
 	}
-
-	if strings.TrimSpace(env.URL) == "" {
-		env.URL = fmt.Sprintf("https://%s.preview.containr.local", env.Environment)
-	}
-	env.Status = "running"
-	env.UpdatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
 	env.DeploymentID = &deploymentID
 
-	_, err = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
-		`UPDATE preview_environments
-		 SET status = $1, url = $2, updated_at = $3
-		 WHERE id = $4`,
-		env.Status,
-		env.URL,
-		env.UpdatedAt,
-		env.ID,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to finalize preview environment"})
-		return
+	if engineValue, exists := c.Get("deployment_engine"); exists && engineValue != nil {
+		if engine, ok := engineValue.(*deployment.DeploymentEngine); ok {
+			cloneService, loadErr := loadServiceForDeploy(db.(*database.DB), cloneID)
+			if loadErr == nil {
+				engineInstance := engine
+				d := DeploymentModel{ID: deploymentID, ServiceID: cloneID, Status: "pending", CreatedAt: time.Now(), UpdatedAt: time.Now()}
+				getDeployQueue(c).Enqueue(cloneID, deployqueue.Job{
+					DeploymentID: deploymentID,
+					Run: func(jctx context.Context) {
+						runDeploymentAndSync(jctx, db.(*database.DB), engineInstance, &d, cloneService, CreateDeploymentRequest{Branch: req.BranchName, Trigger: "preview"}, userID.(string))
+					},
+				})
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
+	LogAuditWithRequest(c, "service", req.ServiceID.String(), "preview.create", map[string]interface{}{
+		"preview_environment_id": env.ID.String(),
+		"preview_service_id":     cloneID.String(),
+		"branch":                 req.BranchName,
+	})
 	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, gin.H{"preview_environment": env})
 }
 
@@ -321,7 +354,7 @@ func handleGetPreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 	var serviceName sql.NullString
 	var serviceType sql.NullString
 	err = db.(*database.DB).QueryRow(
-		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.pr_number,
+		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.preview_service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.pr_number,
 				pe.environment, pe.status, pe.url, pe.expires_at, pe.created_at, pe.updated_at,
 				s.id as service_id, s.name as service_name, s.type as service_type
 			FROM preview_environments pe
@@ -331,7 +364,7 @@ func handleGetPreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 				OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM project_members pm WHERE pm.project_id = p.id AND pm.user_id = $2))`,
 		envID, userID, contextIsAdmin(c),
 	).Scan(
-		&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.PRNumber,
+		&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.PreviewServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.PRNumber,
 		&env.Environment, &env.Status, &env.URL, &env.ExpiresAt, &env.CreatedAt, &env.UpdatedAt,
 		&serviceID, &serviceName, &serviceType,
 	)
@@ -480,22 +513,19 @@ func handleDeletePreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	cleanupID := uuid.New()
-	cleanupStartedAt := time.Now().UTC()
-	cleanupCompletedAt := cleanupStartedAt
-
-	_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
-		`INSERT INTO deployments
-			(id, service_id, version, status, started_at, completed_at, deployment_log, created_at, updated_at)
-		 VALUES ($1, (SELECT service_id FROM preview_environments WHERE id = $2), $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, NOW(), NOW())`,
-		cleanupID,
-		envID,
-		"preview-cleanup",
-		"rolled_back",
-		cleanupStartedAt,
-		cleanupCompletedAt,
-		"Preview environment resources cleaned up",
-	)
+	// Tear down the clone's runtime and row — the preview is the clone.
+	var cloneID *uuid.UUID
+	_ = db.(*database.DB).QueryRow(
+		`SELECT preview_service_id FROM preview_environments WHERE id = $1`, envID,
+	).Scan(&cloneID)
+	if cloneID != nil {
+		if engineValue, exists := c.Get("deployment_engine"); exists && engineValue != nil {
+			if engine, ok := engineValue.(*deployment.DeploymentEngine); ok {
+				removeServiceRuntime(c.Request.Context(), db.(*database.DB), engine, *cloneID)
+			}
+		}
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, *cloneID)
+	}
 
 	// Delete preview environment
 	_, err = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
@@ -542,13 +572,13 @@ func handlePromotePreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 	// Get preview environment details
 	var env PreviewEnvironment
 	err = db.(*database.DB).QueryRow(
-		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.environment, pe.status
+		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.preview_service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.environment, pe.status
 			FROM preview_environments pe
 			JOIN projects p ON pe.project_id = p.id
 			WHERE pe.id = $1 AND (p.owner_id = $2 OR $3::bool)`,
 		envID, userID, contextIsAdmin(c),
 	).Scan(
-		&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.Environment, &env.Status,
+		&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.PreviewServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.Environment, &env.Status,
 	)
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -562,38 +592,53 @@ func handlePromotePreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Promote is a real redeploy: the source service builds the preview's
+	// branch onto its own deployment track.
 	deploymentID := uuid.New()
 	promotionVersion := fmt.Sprintf("promote-%s-%d", strings.ReplaceAll(env.BranchName, "/", "-"), time.Now().Unix())
 	_, err = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
-		`INSERT INTO deployments (id, service_id, version, status, created_at, updated_at)
-		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, NOW(), NOW())`,
-		deploymentID, env.ServiceID, promotionVersion, "pending",
+		`INSERT INTO deployments (id, service_id, version, commit_hash, status, created_at, updated_at)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, 'pending', NOW(), NOW())`,
+		deploymentID, env.ServiceID, promotionVersion, env.BranchName,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to create promotion deployment"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	if _, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
-		`UPDATE services
-		 SET environment = $1, updated_at = NOW()
-		 WHERE id = $2`,
-		req.TargetEnvironment, env.ServiceID,
-	); err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to update service target environment"})
+	sourceService, loadErr := loadServiceForDeploy(db.(*database.DB), env.ServiceID)
+	if loadErr != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to load promotion target service"})
 		return
 	}
+	if engineValue, exists := c.Get("deployment_engine"); exists && engineValue != nil {
+		if engine, ok := engineValue.(*deployment.DeploymentEngine); ok {
+			engineInstance := engine
+			d := DeploymentModel{ID: deploymentID, ServiceID: env.ServiceID, Status: "pending", CreatedAt: time.Now(), UpdatedAt: time.Now()}
+			getDeployQueue(c).Enqueue(env.ServiceID, deployqueue.Job{
+				DeploymentID: deploymentID,
+				Run: func(jctx context.Context) {
+					runDeploymentAndSync(jctx, db.(*database.DB), engineInstance, &d, sourceService, CreateDeploymentRequest{Branch: env.BranchName, Trigger: "promote"}, userID.(string))
+				},
+			})
+		}
+	}
 
-	previewStatus := "stopped"
-	if req.CreateBackup {
-		previewStatus = "expired"
+	// Promotion retires the preview — the clone's containers and row go.
+	if env.PreviewServiceID != nil {
+		if engineValue, exists := c.Get("deployment_engine"); exists && engineValue != nil {
+			if engine, ok := engineValue.(*deployment.DeploymentEngine); ok {
+				removeServiceRuntime(c.Request.Context(), db.(*database.DB), engine, *env.PreviewServiceID)
+			}
+		}
+		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, *env.PreviewServiceID)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
 		`UPDATE preview_environments
-		 SET status = $1, updated_at = NOW()
-		 WHERE id = $2`,
-		previewStatus, env.ID,
+		 SET status = 'stopped', updated_at = NOW()
+		 WHERE id = $1`,
+		env.ID,
 	); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to update preview environment status"})
 		return
@@ -608,7 +653,7 @@ func handlePromotePreviewEnvironment(c *gin.Context) {
 			"create_backup":          req.CreateBackup,
 			"deployment_id":          deploymentID,
 			"status":                 "queued",
-			"preview_status":         previewStatus,
+			"preview_status":         "stopped",
 		},
 	})
 }
@@ -639,7 +684,7 @@ func handleCleanupExpiredPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	// Find expired preview environments for user's projects
 	rows, err := db.(*database.DB).Query(
-		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.environment
+		`SELECT pe.id, pe.project_id, pe.service_id, pe.preview_service_id, pe.branch_name, pe.environment
 			FROM preview_environments pe
 			JOIN projects p ON pe.project_id = p.id
 			WHERE (p.owner_id = $1 OR $2::bool) AND pe.expires_at < NOW() AND pe.status != 'expired'`,
@@ -655,7 +700,7 @@ func handleCleanupExpiredPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var env PreviewEnvironment
 		err := rows.Scan(
-			&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.Environment,
+			&env.ID, &env.ProjectID, &env.ServiceID, &env.PreviewServiceID, &env.BranchName, &env.Environment,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
@@ -663,10 +708,9 @@ func handleCleanupExpiredPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 		expiredEnvs = append(expiredEnvs, env)
 	}
 
-	// Mark expired environments as expired and trigger cleanup
+	// Mark expired environments as expired and tear down their clones
 	cleanupCount := 0
 	for _, env := range expiredEnvs {
-		// Update status to expired
 		_, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
 			"UPDATE preview_environments SET status = 'expired', updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1",
 			env.ID,
@@ -674,7 +718,14 @@ func handleCleanupExpiredPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
-
+		if env.PreviewServiceID != nil {
+			if engineValue, exists := c.Get("deployment_engine"); exists && engineValue != nil {
+				if engine, ok := engineValue.(*deployment.DeploymentEngine); ok {
+					removeServiceRuntime(c.Request.Context(), db.(*database.DB), engine, *env.PreviewServiceID)
+				}
+			}
+			_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, *env.PreviewServiceID)
+		}
 		cleanupCount++
 	}
 
@@ -684,3 +735,157 @@ func handleCleanupExpiredPreviewEnvironments(c *gin.Context) {
 		"expired_environments": expiredEnvs,
 	})
 }
+
+// previewServiceName builds the clone's service name — deterministic enough
+// to spot in lists, short enough for dnsLabel-derived hostnames.
+func previewServiceName(serviceName, branch string) string {
+	label := dnsLabel(serviceName + "-" + branch)
+	if label == "" {
+		return "preview-" + uuid.NewString()[:8]
+	}
+	return label + "-preview"
+}
+
+// resolvePreviewHost picks a preview hostname under the clone's node default
+// domain — same source as serviceAutoDomains. Returns "" when no node
+// carries a default domain; the preview still runs, reachable internally.
+func resolvePreviewHost(db *database.DB, cloneID uuid.UUID, envName string) string {
+	label := dnsLabel(envName)
+	if label == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var nodeID sql.NullString
+	var spread bool
+	if err := db.QueryRow(
+		`SELECT node_id, COALESCE(spread, false) FROM services WHERE id = $1`, cloneID,
+	).Scan(&nodeID, &spread); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	q := sqlcdb.New(db.DB)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var base string
+	switch {
+	case nodeID.Valid && nodeID.String != "":
+		if a, err := q.GetAgent(ctx, nodeID.String); err == nil {
+			base = a.DefaultDomain
+		}
+	case spread:
+		if bases, err := q.ListSchedulableAgentDomains(ctx, json.RawMessage(tagsJSON(servicePlacementTags(db, cloneID)))); err == nil && len(bases) > 0 {
+			base = bases[0]
+		}
+	default:
+		// Local preview: borrow the first node default domain if any —
+		// still better than no hostname for a Traefik-fronted local host.
+		if bases, err := q.ListSchedulableAgentDomains(ctx, json.RawMessage("[]")); err == nil && len(bases) > 0 {
+			base = bases[0]
+		}
+	}
+	if base == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return label + "." + base
+}
+
+// loadServiceForDeploy hydrates the Service fields runDeploymentAndSync
+// needs — mirrors the loader in handleDeployService.
+func loadServiceForDeploy(db *database.DB, serviceID uuid.UUID) (Service, error) {
+	var service Service
+	err := db.QueryRow(
+		`SELECT s.id, s.project_id, s.name, s.type, s.status, s.image, s.command,
+		        s.environment, s.git_repo, s.git_branch, s.build_path, s.cpu, s.memory,
+		        COALESCE(s.replicas, 1), COALESCE(s.port, 0),
+		        COALESCE(s.domain, ''), COALESCE(s.healthcheck_path, ''),
+		        COALESCE(s.restart_policy, 'unless-stopped'),
+		        COALESCE(s.builder, 'auto'), COALESCE(s.cpu_reserve, ''),
+		        COALESCE(s.memory_reserve, ''), COALESCE(s.static_build_cmd, ''),
+		        COALESCE(s.static_dir, ''),
+		        s.created_at, s.updated_at
+		 FROM services s
+		 WHERE s.id = $1`,
+		serviceID,
+	).Scan(
+		&service.ID, &service.ProjectID, &service.Name, &service.Type, &service.Status,
+		&service.Image, &service.Command, &service.Environment, &service.GitRepo,
+		&service.GitBranch, &service.BuildPath, &service.CPU, &service.Memory,
+		&service.Replicas, &service.Port, &service.Domain, &service.HealthCheckPath,
+		&service.RestartPolicy, &service.Builder, &service.CPUReserve,
+		&service.MemoryReserve, &service.StaticBuildCmd, &service.StaticDir,
+		&service.CreatedAt, &service.UpdatedAt,
+	)
+	return service, err
+}
+
+// StartPreviewSweeper expires preview environments past their TTL — tears
+// down each clone's runtime and row, marks the preview expired.
+func StartPreviewSweeper(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, engine *deployment.DeploymentEngine) {
+	if db == nil || engine == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				sweepExpiredPreviews(ctx, db, engine)
+				syncPreviewStatuses(ctx, db)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// sweepExpiredPreviews retires previews whose TTL elapsed.
+func sweepExpiredPreviews(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB, engine *deployment.DeploymentEngine) {
+	rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT id, preview_service_id FROM preview_environments
+		 WHERE expires_at < NOW() AND status NOT IN ('expired', 'stopped')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var ids []uuid.UUID
+	var clones []uuid.UUID
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id uuid.UUID
+		var cloneID *uuid.UUID
+		if err := rows.Scan(&id, &cloneID); err == nil {
+			ids = append(ids, id)
+			if cloneID != nil {
+				clones = append(clones, *cloneID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	rows.Close()
+	for _, cloneID := range clones {
+		removeServiceRuntime(ctx, db, engine, cloneID)
+		_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, cloneID)
+	}
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx,
+			`UPDATE preview_environments SET status = 'expired', updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1`, id)
+	}
+}
+
+// syncPreviewStatuses folds the clone's live service status into the
+// preview row so list/detail endpoints reflect the real deploy state.
+func syncPreviewStatuses(ctx context.Context, db *database.DB) {
+	_, _ = db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE preview_environments pe
+		SET status = derived.st, updated_at = NOW()
+		FROM (
+			SELECT pe2.id,
+				CASE
+					WHEN s.status IN ('running', 'deployed') THEN 'running'
+					WHEN s.status IN ('failed', 'error') THEN 'failed'
+					WHEN s.status IN ('building', 'deploying', 'queued', 'pending', 'cloning') THEN 'building'
+					ELSE pe2.status
+				END AS st
+			FROM preview_environments pe2
+			JOIN services s ON pe2.preview_service_id = s.id
+		) derived
+		WHERE pe.id = derived.id
+		  AND pe.status IN ('building', 'running', 'failed')
+		  AND pe.status <> derived.st
+	`)
+}

app/backend/internal/api/preview_environments_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPreviewServiceName(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		svc, branch string
+		want        string
+	}{
+		{"whoami-web", "feature-x", "whoami-web-feature-x-preview"},
+		{"My App", "feat/JARV-123_foo", "my-app-feat-jarv-123-foo-preview"},
+		{"svc", "", "svc-preview"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		got := previewServiceName(tc.svc, tc.branch)
+		if got != tc.want {
+			t.Fatalf("previewServiceName(%q,%q) = %q, want %q", tc.svc, tc.branch, got, tc.want)
+		}
+		if len(got) > 63 {
+			t.Fatalf("name exceeds DNS label limit: %q", got)
+		}
+	}
+	// A name that sanitizes to nothing must still be usable.
+	if got := previewServiceName("!!!", "%%%"); !strings.HasPrefix(got, "preview-") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected fallback name, got %q", got)
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/api/routes.go

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ func SetupRoutes(router *gin.Engine, db *database.DB, redis *database.Redis, cfg
 
 	// Sleep sweeper — scales idle services to zero and prunes wake containers.
 	StartSleepSweeper(context.Background(), db, dockerClient, deploymentEngine, cfg.Port)
+	StartPreviewSweeper(context.Background(), db, deploymentEngine)
 
 	// Audit retention — prunes rows past AUDIT_RETENTION_DAYS (default 90).
 	StartAuditRetention(context.Background(), db)
@@ -269,6 +270,12 @@ func SetupRoutes(router *gin.Engine, db *database.DB, redis *database.Redis, cfg
 	// endpoint, verified against the provisioned webhook secret.
 	router.POST("/api/git/github-app/webhook", handleGitHubAppWebhook)
 
+	// Public API gateway data plane. Lives outside /api/v1 so each service's
+	// route_prefix (/g/<slug>) maps cleanly; auth is the caller's api_key,
+	// not a session.
+	router.Any("/g/:slug", handleGatewayProxy)
+	router.Any("/g/:slug/*path", handleGatewayProxy)
+
 	v1 := router.Group("/api/v1")
 	{
 		// Public routes (no authentication required)

app/backend/internal/api/runtime.go

@@ -659,6 +659,8 @@ func liveServiceStatus(c *gin.Context, db *database.DB, service *Service) {
 	persistPublishedPort(db, service.ID, state.Ports)
 	if service.Domain != "" {
 		service.PublicURL = "https://" + service.Domain
+	} else if auto := serviceAutoDomains(db, service.ID); len(auto) > 0 {
+		service.PublicURL = "https://" + auto[0]
 	} else if len(state.URLs) > 0 {
 		service.PublicURL = rewriteLoopbackURL(state.URLs[0], requestHostname(c))
 	}

app/backend/internal/api/service_ops.go

@@ -67,22 +67,45 @@ func handleCloneService(c *gin.Context) {
 	if req.Environment != "" {
 		environment = req.Environment
 	}
-	if environment == "" {
-		environment = "production"
-	}
-	environmentID, err := getProjectEnvironmentID(db.(*database.DB), targetProjectID, environment)
+
+	newID, err := cloneServiceRow(db.(*database.DB), source.ID, targetProjectID, name, environment)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to resolve target environment"})
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to clone service"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	maintenance, basicAuth := serviceAccess(db.(*database.DB), source.ID)
+	LogAuditWithRequest(c, "service", source.ID.String(), "service.clone", map[string]interface{}{"cloned_to": newID.String(), "name": name})
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, gin.H{"service_id": newID, "name": name, "message": "Service cloned"})
+}
+
+// cloneServiceRow copies a service's full configuration — source, build
+// settings, volumes, access gates, domains, and variables — under a new id
+// in the target project. The clone starts stopped. An empty environment
+// inherits the source's. Used by the clone endpoint and preview
+// environments, which additionally override git_branch and domains.
+func cloneServiceRow(db *database.DB, sourceID uuid.UUID, targetProjectID uuid.UUID, name, environment string) (uuid.UUID, error) {
+	var sourceEnv string
+	if err := db.QueryRow(`SELECT COALESCE(environment, '') FROM services WHERE id = $1`, sourceID).Scan(&sourceEnv); err != nil {
+		return uuid.Nil, err
+	}
+	if environment == "" {
+		environment = sourceEnv
+	}
+	if environment == "" {
+		environment = "production"
+	}
+	environmentID, err := getProjectEnvironmentID(db, targetProjectID, environment)
+	if err != nil {
+		return uuid.Nil, err
+	}
+
+	maintenance, basicAuth := serviceAccess(db, sourceID)
 	newID := uuid.New()
 	now := time.Now()
 	// string() so pq sends text — []byte would go as bytea and fail ::jsonb.
-	volumesJSON := string(loadServiceVolumesJSON(db.(*database.DB), source.ID))
+	volumesJSON := string(loadServiceVolumesJSON(db, sourceID))
 
-	_, err = db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+	_, err = db.Exec(
 		`INSERT INTO services
 			(id, project_id, name, environment_id, service_type, source_type, source_url, image_name,
 				 build_command, start_command, type, status, image, command, environment,
@@ -98,35 +121,30 @@ func handleCloneService(c *gin.Context) {
 				 $9, $9
 			FROM services WHERE id = $10`,
 		newID, targetProjectID, name, environmentID, environment, volumesJSON,
-		maintenance, basicAuth, now, source.ID,
+		maintenance, basicAuth, now, sourceID,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to clone service"})
-		return
+		return uuid.Nil, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+	if _, err := db.Exec(
 		`INSERT INTO service_domains (service_id, domain, is_default, cert_type)
 		 SELECT $1, domain, is_default, cert_type FROM service_domains WHERE service_id = $2`,
-		newID, source.ID,
+		newID, sourceID,
 	); err != nil {
-		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, newID)
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to clone service domains"})
-		return
+		_, _ = db.Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, newID)
+		return uuid.Nil, err
 	}
 	// Variable values are copied as stored — ciphertext stays ciphertext.
-	if _, err := db.(*database.DB).Exec(
+	if _, err := db.Exec(
 		`INSERT INTO environment_variables (id, service_id, key, value, is_secret)
 		 SELECT gen_random_uuid(), $1, key, value, is_secret FROM environment_variables WHERE service_id = $2`,
-		newID, source.ID,
+		newID, sourceID,
 	); err != nil {
-		_, _ = db.(*database.DB).Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, newID)
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to clone service variables"})
-		return
+		_, _ = db.Exec(`DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, newID)
+		return uuid.Nil, err
 	}
-
-	LogAuditWithRequest(c, "service", source.ID.String(), "service.clone", map[string]interface{}{"cloned_to": newID.String(), "name": name})
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, gin.H{"service_id": newID, "name": name, "message": "Service cloned"})
+	return newID, nil
 }
 
 type MoveServiceRequest struct {

app/backend/internal/cli/commands/nodes.go

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ var nodesDeleteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 var nodesUpdateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "update <id>",
-	Short: "Update a node agent (--name, --auto-prune, --tags)",
+	Short: "Update a node agent (--name, --auto-prune, --tags, --domain)",
 	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		c, err := client()
@@ -108,8 +108,11 @@ var nodesUpdateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 			body["tags"] = tags
 		}
+		if cmd.Flags().Changed("domain") {
+			body["default_domain"], _ = cmd.Flags().GetString("domain")
+		}
 		if len(body) == 0 {
-			return &APIError{Message: "nothing to update — pass --name, --auto-prune or --tags", ExitCode: ExitError}
+			return &APIError{Message: "nothing to update — pass --name, --auto-prune, --tags or --domain", ExitCode: ExitError}
 		}
 		data, err := c.Do("PUT", "/agents/"+args[0], body)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -304,6 +307,7 @@ func init() {
 	nodesUpdateCmd.Flags().String("name", "", "node display name")
 	nodesUpdateCmd.Flags().Bool("auto-prune", false, "enqueue a daily bounded docker prune")
 	nodesUpdateCmd.Flags().String("tags", "", "comma-separated placement tags (services with placement_tags only schedule onto matching nodes)")
+	nodesUpdateCmd.Flags().String("domain", "", "base domain for this node — domainless services placed here get <name>.<domain> automatically (empty clears)")
 	nodesPruneCmd.Flags().String("until", "", "only prune objects older than this duration (e.g. 168h)")
 	nodesPruneCmd.Flags().Bool("volumes", false, "also prune volumes (destructive — asks twice)")
 	nodeTokensCmd.AddCommand(nodeTokensIssueCmd, nodeTokensListCmd, nodeTokensRevokeCmd)

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/agents.sql.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ INSERT INTO node_agents (
     id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version,
     capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, metadata
 ) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11)
-RETURNING id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags
+RETURNING id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags, default_domain
 `
 
 type CreateAgentParams struct {
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ func (q *Queries) CreateAgent(ctx context.Context, arg CreateAgentParams) (NodeA
 		&i.AutoPrune,
 		&i.Schedulable,
 		&i.Tags,
+		&i.DefaultDomain,
 	)
 	return i, err
 }
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ func (q *Queries) DeleteServiceContainersOnAgent(ctx context.Context, arg Delete
 }
 
 const getAgent = `-- name: GetAgent :one
-SELECT id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags FROM node_agents WHERE id = $1
+SELECT id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags, default_domain FROM node_agents WHERE id = $1
 `
 
 func (q *Queries) GetAgent(ctx context.Context, id string) (NodeAgent, error) {
@@ -281,12 +282,13 @@ func (q *Queries) GetAgent(ctx context.Context, id string) (NodeAgent, error) {
 		&i.AutoPrune,
 		&i.Schedulable,
 		&i.Tags,
+		&i.DefaultDomain,
 	)
 	return i, err
 }
 
 const getAgentByHostAndIP = `-- name: GetAgentByHostAndIP :one
-SELECT id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags FROM node_agents
+SELECT id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags, default_domain FROM node_agents
 WHERE hostname = $1 AND ip_address = $2
 LIMIT 1
 `
@@ -316,6 +318,7 @@ func (q *Queries) GetAgentByHostAndIP(ctx context.Context, arg GetAgentByHostAnd
 		&i.AutoPrune,
 		&i.Schedulable,
 		&i.Tags,
+		&i.DefaultDomain,
 	)
 	return i, err
 }
@@ -523,7 +526,7 @@ func (q *Queries) ListAgentHeartbeatsSince(ctx context.Context, arg ListAgentHea
 }
 
 const listAgents = `-- name: ListAgents :many
-SELECT id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags FROM node_agents ORDER BY created_at ASC
+SELECT id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags, default_domain FROM node_agents ORDER BY created_at ASC
 `
 
 func (q *Queries) ListAgents(ctx context.Context) ([]NodeAgent, error) {
@@ -552,6 +555,7 @@ func (q *Queries) ListAgents(ctx context.Context) ([]NodeAgent, error) {
 			&i.AutoPrune,
 			&i.Schedulable,
 			&i.Tags,
+			&i.DefaultDomain,
 		); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -695,6 +699,39 @@ func (q *Queries) ListPendingCommands(ctx context.Context, nodeAgentID string) (
 	return items, nil
 }
 
+const listSchedulableAgentDomains = `-- name: ListSchedulableAgentDomains :many
+SELECT DISTINCT default_domain FROM node_agents
+WHERE status = 'online' AND schedulable
+  AND default_domain <> ''
+  AND tags @> $1::jsonb
+ORDER BY default_domain
+`
+
+// Base domains of every online, schedulable agent carrying the required
+// placement tags — auto-domain candidates for spread services.
+func (q *Queries) ListSchedulableAgentDomains(ctx context.Context, dollar_1 json.RawMessage) ([]string, error) {
+	rows, err := q.db.QueryContext(ctx, listSchedulableAgentDomains, dollar_1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	items := []string{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var default_domain string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&default_domain); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		items = append(items, default_domain)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
 const listSchedulableAgents = `-- name: ListSchedulableAgents :many
 SELECT id, name FROM node_agents
 WHERE status = 'online' AND schedulable
@@ -910,6 +947,20 @@ func (q *Queries) ScrubCommandPayload(ctx context.Context, arg ScrubCommandPaylo
 	return err
 }
 
+const setAgentDefaultDomain = `-- name: SetAgentDefaultDomain :exec
+UPDATE node_agents SET default_domain = $2, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+type SetAgentDefaultDomainParams struct {
+	ID            string `json:"id"`
+	DefaultDomain string `json:"default_domain"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) SetAgentDefaultDomain(ctx context.Context, arg SetAgentDefaultDomainParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, setAgentDefaultDomain, arg.ID, arg.DefaultDomain)
+	return err
+}
+
 const setAgentSchedulable = `-- name: SetAgentSchedulable :exec
 UPDATE node_agents SET schedulable = $2, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1
 `
@@ -954,7 +1005,7 @@ UPDATE node_agents SET
     schedulable = $13,
     updated_at = NOW()
 WHERE id = $1
-RETURNING id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags
+RETURNING id, name, hostname, ip_address, port, status, version, capabilities, resources, last_heartbeat, created_at, updated_at, metadata, auto_prune, schedulable, tags, default_domain
 `
 
 type UpdateAgentParams struct {
@@ -1007,6 +1058,7 @@ func (q *Queries) UpdateAgent(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateAgentParams) (NodeA
 		&i.AutoPrune,
 		&i.Schedulable,
 		&i.Tags,
+		&i.DefaultDomain,
 	)
 	return i, err
 }

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/models.go

@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ type NodeAgent struct {
 	AutoPrune     bool                  `json:"auto_prune"`
 	Schedulable   bool                  `json:"schedulable"`
 	Tags          json.RawMessage       `json:"tags"`
+	DefaultDomain string                `json:"default_domain"`
 }
 
 type Notification struct {
@@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ type Service struct {
 	NodeID          sql.NullString  `json:"node_id"`
 	Spread          bool            `json:"spread"`
 	PlacementTags   json.RawMessage `json:"placement_tags"`
+	TraefikLabels   json.RawMessage `json:"traefik_labels"`
 }
 
 type ServiceDomain struct {

app/backend/internal/database/sqlcdb/querier.go

@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ type Querier interface {
 	// display, when the caller owns or is a member of it, or when the caller is a
 	// platform admin. Anonymous callers pass user_id = uuid.Nil, is_admin = false.
 	ListProjectsWithStatsByUser(ctx context.Context, arg ListProjectsWithStatsByUserParams) ([]ListProjectsWithStatsByUserRow, error)
+	// Base domains of every online, schedulable agent carrying the required
+	// placement tags — auto-domain candidates for spread services.
+	ListSchedulableAgentDomains(ctx context.Context, dollar_1 json.RawMessage) ([]string, error)
 	ListSchedulableAgents(ctx context.Context) ([]ListSchedulableAgentsRow, error)
 	// Only agents carrying every required placement tag (jsonb array containment).
 	ListSchedulableAgentsMatching(ctx context.Context, dollar_1 json.RawMessage) ([]ListSchedulableAgentsMatchingRow, error)
@@ -118,6 +121,7 @@ type Querier interface {
 	RevokeAgentAuthToken(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (AgentAuthToken, error)
 	RevokeUserToken(ctx context.Context, arg RevokeUserTokenParams) (int64, error)
 	ScrubCommandPayload(ctx context.Context, arg ScrubCommandPayloadParams) error
+	SetAgentDefaultDomain(ctx context.Context, arg SetAgentDefaultDomainParams) error
 	SetAgentSchedulable(ctx context.Context, arg SetAgentSchedulableParams) error
 	SetAgentTags(ctx context.Context, arg SetAgentTagsParams) error
 	SetDatabaseBackupRemoteKeyByID(ctx context.Context, arg SetDatabaseBackupRemoteKeyByIDParams) error

app/backend/internal/gateway/proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package gateway
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestBuildTargetURL(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name                                       string
+		upstream, prefix, path, query, want        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "strips route prefix",
+			upstream: "https://api.internal:8080",
+			prefix:   "/g/weather",
+			path:     "/g/weather/v1/current",
+			query:    "city=oslo",
+			want:     "https://api.internal:8080/v1/current?city=oslo",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "prefix root maps to upstream root",
+			upstream: "https://api.internal",
+			prefix:   "/g/weather",
+			path:     "/g/weather",
+			want:     "https://api.internal/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "upstream base path is preserved",
+			upstream: "https://api.internal/base",
+			prefix:   "/g/x",
+			path:     "/g/x/ping",
+			want:     "https://api.internal/base/ping",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "root prefix leaves path untouched",
+			upstream: "https://api.internal",
+			prefix:   "/",
+			path:     "/g/raw",
+			want:     "https://api.internal/g/raw",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "path without prefix is still proxied",
+			upstream: "https://api.internal",
+			prefix:   "/g/x",
+			path:     "/other",
+			want:     "https://api.internal/other",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := BuildTargetURL(tc.upstream, tc.prefix, tc.path, tc.query)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildTargetURL_InvalidUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := BuildTargetURL("://bad", "/g/x", "/g/x/y", ""); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unparsable upstream")
+	}
+}

app/backend/internal/mcpserver/server.go

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func init() {
 	register(spec{"containr_nodes_get", "Get a node agent (admin)", "GET", "/agents/{id}", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_agent_tokens_issue", "Issue an agent onboarding token (admin). Args: label.", "POST", "/agent-tokens", nil, []string{"label"}, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_agent_tokens_list", "List agent onboarding tokens (admin)", "GET", "/agent-tokens", nil, nil, false})
-	register(spec{"containr_nodes_update", "Update a node agent (admin). Args: id; optional auto_prune, name, tags (string array — placement labels services can require via placement_tags; [] clears).", "PUT", "/agents/{id}", []string{"id"}, []string{"auto_prune", "name", "tags"}, false})
+	register(spec{"containr_nodes_update", "Update a node agent (admin). Args: id; optional auto_prune, name, tags (string array — placement labels services can require via placement_tags; [] clears), default_domain (base domain — services placed on this node with no explicit domains get <name>.<default_domain>; empty clears).", "PUT", "/agents/{id}", []string{"id"}, []string{"auto_prune", "name", "tags", "default_domain"}, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_nodes_cordon", "Cordon a node: blocks new pins and 'auto' placements; running replicas stay (admin). Args: id.", "POST", "/agents/{id}/cordon", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_nodes_uncordon", "Re-open a node for placement (admin). Args: id.", "POST", "/agents/{id}/uncordon", []string{"id"}, nil, false})
 	register(spec{"containr_nodes_drain", "Drain a node: cordon + remove all service containers via the agent + unpin affected services so they redeploy locally. Requires the node online (admin). Args: id.", "POST", "/agents/{id}/drain", []string{"id"}, nil, true})

app/backend/migrations_goose/20261114000000_node_default_domain.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- +goose Up
+-- Per-node base domain: services pinned/spread onto an agent with
+-- default_domain get auto-generated hostnames (<service>.<domain>) when
+-- they have no explicit service_domains rows.
+ALTER TABLE node_agents ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS default_domain VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '';
+
+-- +goose Down
+ALTER TABLE node_agents DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS default_domain;

app/backend/migrations_goose/20261115000000_preview_environments_runtime.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- +goose Up
+ALTER TABLE public.preview_environments
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS preview_service_id uuid REFERENCES public.services(id) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_preview_environments_expiry
+    ON public.preview_environments (expires_at)
+    WHERE status NOT IN ('expired', 'stopped');
+
+-- +goose Down
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS public.idx_preview_environments_expiry;
+ALTER TABLE public.preview_environments DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS preview_service_id;

app/backend/sqlc/queries/agents.sql

@@ -179,6 +179,18 @@ LIMIT 1;
 -- name: SetAgentTags :exec
 UPDATE node_agents SET tags = $2::jsonb, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1;
 
+-- name: SetAgentDefaultDomain :exec
+UPDATE node_agents SET default_domain = $2, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- name: ListSchedulableAgentDomains :many
+-- Base domains of every online, schedulable agent carrying the required
+-- placement tags — auto-domain candidates for spread services.
+SELECT DISTINCT default_domain FROM node_agents
+WHERE status = 'online' AND schedulable
+  AND default_domain <> ''
+  AND tags @> $1::jsonb
+ORDER BY default_domain;
+
 -- name: ListServiceContainers :many
 SELECT id, name, node_agent_id, status, ports, resources FROM container_instances
 WHERE service_id = $1;

app/backend/sqlc/schema.sql

@@ -199,7 +199,8 @@ CREATE TABLE node_agents (
     metadata JSONB,
     auto_prune BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
     schedulable BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
-    tags JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'
+    tags JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]',
+    default_domain VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE container_instances (

app/frontend/src/features/nodes/NodeDetailPage.tsx

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ export function NodeDetailPage() {
   const [confirmVolumes, setConfirmVolumes] = useState(false);
   const [confirmDrain, setConfirmDrain] = useState(false);
   const [tagDraft, setTagDraft] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [domainDraft, setDomainDraft] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
   const agentQuery = useQuery({
     queryKey: ['node-agent', id],
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@ export function NodeDetailPage() {
     queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['usage-agents'] });
   };
   const updateMutation = useMutation({
-    mutationFn: (body: { name?: string; auto_prune?: boolean; tags?: string[] }) => updateAgent(id, body),
-    onSuccess: () => { setRename(null); setTagDraft(null); invalidate(); },
+    mutationFn: (body: { name?: string; auto_prune?: boolean; tags?: string[]; default_domain?: string }) => updateAgent(id, body),
+    onSuccess: () => { setRename(null); setTagDraft(null); setDomainDraft(null); invalidate(); },
   });
   const pruneMutation = useMutation({
     mutationFn: (volumes: boolean) => pruneAgent(id, { volumes }),
@@ -218,6 +219,44 @@ export function NodeDetailPage() {
                   </>
                 )}
               </p>
+              <p className="v-mono mt-1 text-[11px] text-[var(--text-tertiary)] flex items-center gap-1.5 flex-wrap">
+                domain:
+                {domainDraft === null ? (
+                  <>
+                    <span className={agent.defaultDomain ? 'text-[var(--text-secondary)]' : 'text-[var(--text-muted)]'}>
+                      {agent.defaultDomain || 'none'}
+                    </span>
+                    {isAdmin && (
+                      <button
+                        onClick={() => setDomainDraft(agent.defaultDomain || '')}
+                        className="text-[var(--text-muted)] hover:text-[var(--text-primary)]"
+                        title="Node base domain — domainless services placed here get <name>.<domain> hostnames"
+                      >
+                        <Pencil size={11} />
+                      </button>
+                    )}
+                  </>
+                ) : (
+                  <>
+                    <input
+                      value={domainDraft}
+                      onChange={(e) => setDomainDraft(e.target.value)}
+                      onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                        if (e.key === 'Enter') updateMutation.mutate({ default_domain: domainDraft.trim().toLowerCase() });
+                        if (e.key === 'Escape') setDomainDraft(null);
+                      }}
+                      autoFocus
+                      placeholder="apps.node1.example.com — empty clears"
+                      className="rounded-md border border-[var(--border-subtle)] bg-[var(--bg-tertiary)] px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] text-[var(--text-primary)] w-64"
+                    />
+                    <button
+                      onClick={() => updateMutation.mutate({ default_domain: domainDraft.trim().toLowerCase() })}
+                      className="text-[var(--accent-primary)] hover:underline"
+                    >save</button>
+                    <button onClick={() => setDomainDraft(null)} className="text-[var(--text-muted)] hover:underline">cancel</button>
+                  </>
+                )}
+              </p>
             </div>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
               <span className={`v-mono text-[11px] px-2 py-1 rounded-md border ${online

app/frontend/src/generated/api-types.ts

@@ -8179,7 +8179,7 @@ export interface paths {
         };
         /**
          * Update node agent
-         * @description Partial update — accepts any subset of agent fields (name, status, auto_prune, tags). `tags` sets the node's placement labels; services with placement_tags only schedule onto agents carrying every required tag.
+         * @description Partial update — accepts any subset of agent fields (name, status, auto_prune, tags, default_domain). `tags` sets the node's placement labels; services with placement_tags only schedule onto agents carrying every required tag. `default_domain` gives the node a base domain — domainless services placed there get `<name>.<default_domain>` auto-hostnames; empty string clears it.
          */
         put: {
             parameters: {
@@ -12297,6 +12297,8 @@ export interface components {
             schedulable?: boolean;
             /** @description Operator-set placement labels; services with placement_tags require all of them on the target node. */
             tags?: string[];
+            /** @description Node base domain — services placed on this node (pin or spread) with no explicit service_domains get `<name>.<default_domain>` hostnames automatically. Wildcard DNS for `*.<default_domain>` must resolve to the Containr edge. */
+            default_domain?: string;
             /** Format: date-time */
             last_heartbeat?: string;
             /** Format: date-time */
@@ -12493,6 +12495,11 @@ export interface components {
             project_id?: string;
             /** Format: uuid */
             service_id?: string;
+            /**
+             * Format: uuid
+             * @description The cloned service the preview actually deploys; its live status drives the preview status.
+             */
+            preview_service_id?: string;
             branch_name?: string;
             pr_number?: number;
             /** @description Generated name, e.g. preview-{branch}-{ts} */

app/frontend/src/lib/api-client.ts

@@ -362,6 +362,7 @@ export type NodeAgentEntity = {
   autoPrune: boolean;
   schedulable: boolean;
   tags: string[];
+  defaultDomain?: string;
   metadata: Record<string, unknown>;
   lastHeartbeat?: string;
   createdAt?: string;
@@ -1107,6 +1108,7 @@ function normalizeAgent(agent: RawNodeAgent): NodeAgentEntity | null {
     autoPrune: agent.auto_prune ?? false,
     schedulable: agent.schedulable ?? true,
     tags: Array.isArray(agent.tags) ? agent.tags : [],
+    defaultDomain: agent.default_domain || '',
     metadata: (agent.metadata ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>,
     createdAt: agent.created_at,
     updatedAt: agent.updated_at,
@@ -1146,7 +1148,7 @@ export async function listAgents(): Promise<NodeAgentEntity[]> {
   return normalizeAgentArray(payload.agents);
 }
 
-export async function updateAgent(id: string, body: { name?: string; auto_prune?: boolean; tags?: string[] }): Promise<NodeAgentEntity | null> {
+export async function updateAgent(id: string, body: { name?: string; auto_prune?: boolean; tags?: string[]; default_domain?: string }): Promise<NodeAgentEntity | null> {
   const payload = await requestJson<{ agent?: RawNodeAgent }>(`/agents/${id}`, {
     method: 'PUT',
     body: JSON.stringify(body),

docs/api/openapi.yaml

@@ -5216,7 +5216,7 @@ paths:
       tags:
         - Agents
       summary: Update node agent
-      description: Partial update — accepts any subset of agent fields (name, status, auto_prune, tags). `tags` sets the node's placement labels; services with placement_tags only schedule onto agents carrying every required tag.
+      description: Partial update — accepts any subset of agent fields (name, status, auto_prune, tags, default_domain). `tags` sets the node's placement labels; services with placement_tags only schedule onto agents carrying every required tag. `default_domain` gives the node a base domain — domainless services placed there get `<name>.<default_domain>` auto-hostnames; empty string clears it.
       security:
         - bearerAuth: []
       parameters:
@@ -9178,6 +9178,13 @@ components:
           type: array
           items: { type: string }
           description: Operator-set placement labels; services with placement_tags require all of them on the target node.
+        default_domain:
+          type: string
+          description: >-
+            Node base domain — services placed on this node (pin or spread)
+            with no explicit service_domains get `<name>.<default_domain>`
+            hostnames automatically. Wildcard DNS for `*.<default_domain>`
+            must resolve to the Containr edge.
         last_heartbeat:
           type: string
           format: date-time
@@ -9557,6 +9564,10 @@ components:
         service_id:
           type: string
           format: uuid
+        preview_service_id:
+          type: string
+          format: uuid
+          description: The cloned service the preview actually deploys; its live status drives the preview status.
         branch_name:
           type: string
         pr_number: